Unit 1 & 2 Exam Flashcards
What are the 6 rights of Medication Administration?
1) route
2) Med
3) person
4) dose
5) time
6) patient
What are some strategies to avoid medication errors? and in what cases should medications be withheld?
Review the 6 rights multiple times, and have someone keep eyes on it. Medications should be withheld if they will cause harm to a patient or they are not prescribed.
Review medication administration over the lifespan and think about special considerations
Younger children have very high metabolisms and don’t have a built up immune system yet. Very old people need their dosage decreased because the function of their liver and GI tracts is decreased so they can’t metabolize the medication as well. Patients that are immune compromised might have a difficult time metabolizing meds too.
What are the 5 schedules for controlled substances?
1) highest abuse potential and has no acceptable medical use
2) high abuse potential and have currently accepted medical us but they are severely restricted, no refills are permitted
3) moderate abuse potential and have medical use with less stringent controls but only allowed 5 refills in a 6 month period
4) low abuse potential and have medical use, similar controls as schedule 3, and 5 refills in a 6 month period
5) lowest abuse potential and have medical use with similar controls as schedule 3 and 4
Which schedule category is cocaine in? Marijuana? LSD? Hydrocodone?
Cocaine= schedule 1(what we said in class) book says schedule 2 Marijuana= schedule 1 LSD= Schedule 1 Hydrocodone= schedule 3
What are the pregnancy categories?
A=absolutely okay to give to a pregnant woman
B= animal studies show that there could be harm to the fetus but there are no controlled tests on pregnant women
C=most of the prescription medications
D= there could be potential risks to the fetus but sometimes the benefits may outweigh the risk
X= do not give!!
What are the herbals for sleep, anxiety, and depression? What do ginseng and kava do?
Herbals for sleep (melatonin and valerian)
Anxiety (ginseng, St. John’s Wort)
Depression (Gingko)
Ginseng= relieves stress, enhance immune systems, and decrease fatigue
Kava= ?
What are the mechanisms of absorption and metabolism (as related to medications)?
Medication can be absorbed through the GI tract, can be given through tablets and capsules, in the sublingual and bucal routes, topical (through the skin), or other routes besides topical (injection into the skin, IM, IV,)
Medications are metabolized in the liver.
What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Pharmacodynamics is how the medications effect the body.
Pharmacokinetics is how the medication moves through or is absorbed in the body.
What are the differences between desire effect, therapeutic effect, side effect, and adverse effect?
Side effects= expected
Adverse effects= unexpected and you could die
Desired effect=what the medication is supposed to do to the body?
Therapeutic effects= how the patient feels after taking the medication.
How does the intake of alcohol influence the medications that we take, in addition think about kidney disease, liver disease, and issues with the GI tract.
People with a kidney disease cannot properly excrete the drug. People with a liver disease cannot properly metabolize the drug. People with issues in their GI tract cannot properly absorb the drug. Alcohol effects the GI tract, the liver, and the kidneys because it is absorbed in the small intestine, metabolized in the liver, and is excreted rapidly through the kidneys.
What is withdrawal?
It is the absence of a drug that one is addicted to and how their body reacts to it.
What is tolerance?
When the body can’t live without the substance, so the addict slowly increases the drug amount because the previous amount was not enough.
What is meant by the medication half-life?
When there is a peak of the medication in the body and there is half of it left.
What is an agonist? Antagonist? Partial agonist?
Agonist is something that bind with or works.
Antagonist is a substance that competes for the receptors
A partial agonist produces a weaker effect than an agonist.
