Prototype Drug Unit 5 & 7- Phenytoin

Question 1

Therapeutic classification

Answer 1

Antiepileptic drug

Question 2

Pharmacologic classification

Answer 2

Hydantoin, neuronal sodium channelmodulator

Question 3

Mechanism of action

Answer 3

Inhibits seizure activity by delaying the influx of sodium ions in neurons, thus slowing the propagation and spread of abnormal discharges

Question 4

Adverse effects

Answer 4

Hypotension, nystagmus, ataxia, lethargy, confusion, slurred speech, dizziness, nervousness, headache, nausea, vomiting, gingival hyperplasia, rash, somnolence

Question 5

Black Box Warning

Answer 5

patient can become at risk for hypotension and dysrhythmias. Careful cardiovascular monitoring is required

Question 6

Contraindications

Answer 6

Hypersensitive reactions or symptoms to a hydantoin and blood dyscrasias. Patients who have had seizures from hypoglycemia. Be careful with patients who have liver or kidy probs, heart issues. Don’t give to pregnant or lactating people unless really necessary.

Question 7

Drug interactions

Answer 7

Increases metabolism of corticosteroids, warfarin, and oral contraceptives. Alcohol, carbamazepine, and barbituates increase metabolism of phenytoin. Amiodarone, chloramphenical, diazepam, valpoic acid, isoniazid, omeprazole, and ticlopidine increases phytoin levels

Question 8

Herbal/food interactions

Answer 8

Folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D decreases absorption. Ginkgo decreases effectiveness

Question 9

Treatment of overdose

Answer 9

Charcoal or gastric lavage