Prototype Drug Unit 8 & 9- Metformin

Question 1

classification

Answer 1

Antidiabetic drug

Biguanide

Question 2

What is it used for?

Answer 2

Type 2 diabetes who are unable to control their diabetes with diet and exercise

Question 3

When should Regular release tablets be given?

Answer 3

once or twice daily, absorption is decreased with food

Question 4

When should Solution be given

Answer 4

Administered once or twice daily, absorption is increased with food

Question 5

When should sustained release be given

Answer 5

once daily since they are used for extended duration

Absorption is greatly increased with food

Question 6

Important info

Answer 6

Does not cause insulin release so not risk of hypoglycemia
Also lowers cholesterol and promotes weightloss
Can cause severe diarrhea but that should subside

Question 7

How does it work?

Answer 7

reduces blood glucose levels by reducing gluconeogensesis (production of glucose)

Question 8

Adverse effects

Answer 8

GI related (nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfor, metallic taste, diarrhea, anorexia, and moderate weight loss)

Question 9

Black box warning

Answer 9

Can cause lactic acidosis

Question 10

Contraindications

Answer 10

kidney probs, heart failure, history of lactic acidosis, or serious infection
DO NOT GIVE 2 DAYS PRIOR OR 2 DAYS AFTER IV RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST

Question 11

Drug interactions

Answer 11

Alcohol= increases risk for lactic acidoses
Captopril, furosemise, and nifedipine= increase hypogylcemia
IV radiographic contrast= lactic acidosis and acute renal failure

Question 12

Herbal/food interactions

Answer 12

decreases absorption of B12 and folic acid. Garlic and ginseng may increase hypoglycemic effects

Question 13

Describe identifying factors of lactic acidosis

Answer 13

Mylagia, sluggishness, somnalnence (more tired)