A&P Lab 2: Language of Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Word root
A
main word part; carrying the primary meaning of the word
2
Q
Prefix
A
precedes the root and often alters its meaning
3
Q
Suffix
A
follows the root to alter the meaning
4
Q
Anatomical position
A
important point of reference in common usage in anatomy; erect stance facing forward; arms straight, palms forward, fingers pointing downward at a slight angle; legs straight, slightly apart, toes forward/flat
5
Q
Body regions
A
areas of the body that are identified during a physical examination
6
Q
Cephalic
A
pertaining to the head
7
Q
Facial
A
face
8
Q
Buccal
A
cheek
9
Q
Orbital
A
eye socket
10
Q
Oral
A
mouth
11
Q
Otic
A
ear
12
Q
Mental
A
chin
13
Q
Nasal
A
nose
14
Q
Cranial
A
cranium
15
Q
Frontal
A
forehead
16
Q
Cervical
A
neck
17
Q
Thoracic
A
chest/thorax
18
Q
Sternal
A
breastbone
19
Q
Pectoral (mammary)
A
breast
20
Q
Abdominal
A
anterior trunk below ribs (abdomen)
21
Q
Coxal
A
hip
22
Q
Umbilical
A
navel
23
Q
Pelvic
A
pelvis
24
Q
Pubic
A
genital region
25
Inguinal
groin
26
Back
posterior trunk
27
Scapular
shoulder blade
28
Vertebral
spinal column
29
Lumbar
lower back (loin)
30
Acromial
shoulder
31
Axillary
armpit
32
Brachial
arm
33
Antebrachial
forearm
34
Cubital
elbow
35
Antecubital
anterior elbow
36
Carpal
wrist
37
Manus
hand
38
Palmar
palm of the hand
39
Digital (hand)
fingers
40
Gluteal
buttock
41
Femoral
thigh
42
Patellar
anterior knee
43
Popliteal
posterior knee
44
Crural
lower leg
45
Sural
posterior leg (calf)
46
Fibular (peroneal)
side of leg
47
Tarsal
ankle
48
Pedal
foot
49
Calcaneal
heel
50
Plantar
sole of the foot
51
Digital (foot)
toes
52
Directional terms
group of anatomical terms (with opposing meanings) used to describe the location of body parts; abbreviate otherwise lengthy descriptions of where a body part is located relative to other parts; use anatomical position as a point of reference
53
Superior (cranial)
toward the head end of upper part of the body
54
Inferior (caudal)
away from the head end and toward the lower part of the body
55
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front/belly side
56
Posterior (dorsal)
toward the back
57
Medial
toward the midline, which is an imaginary line that extends vertically down the middle of the body
58
Lateral
away from the midline
59
Superficial (external)
toward the surface of the body
60
Deep (internal)
away from the surface of the body
61
Proximal
toward a structure's origin or point of attachment to the trunk
62
Distal
away from a structure's origin or point of attachment to the trunk
63
Plane
imaginary flat surface; can describe how a slice/section can extend through the body
64
Section
slice of a imaginary flat surface of body
65
Frontal plane
extends through the long axis of the body (along the body's length, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
66
Sagittal plane
extends through the long axis of the body, but divides the body into right and left portions
67
Midsagittal plane
a sagittal plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
68
Parasagittal plane
a sagittal plane dividing the body into unequal right and left halves
69
Transverse plane
extends perpendicular to the frontal and sagittal planes to divide the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
70
Cross section
section made along the transverse plane
71
Dorsal cavity
located within the posterior (dorsal) side of the body; includes the cranial cavity (brain) and the vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
72
Cranial cavity
cavity containing the brain
73
Vertebral cavity
cavity containing the spinal cord
74
Ventral cavity
includes the spaces on the ventral side of the body, such as the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
75
Thoracic cavity
fills the chest region; contains the heart, lungs, and major vessels of the heart; includes several smaller cavities (pericardial, 2 pleural cavities, mediastinum)
76
Pericardial cavity
cavity containing the heart
77
Pleural cavities (2)
each of these cavities contains a lung
78
Mediastinum
area superior to the heart; contains major blood vessels and the thymus gland
79
Diaphragm
thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by this muscular structure
80
Abdominal cavity
superior section of the abdominopelvic cavity; houses the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and part of the large intestine
81
Pelvic cavity
inferior section of the abdominopelvic cavity; contains the reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, and part of the large intestine
82
Serous membranes
line the inside walls of ventral cavities; also cover most of the visceral (internal) organs of the ventral cavities
83
Parietal layer
outer layer of a serous membrane that attaches to a cavity wall
84
Visceral layer
inner layer of a serous membrane that adheres to an inner organ
85
Serous fluid
liquid within the small space separating 2 layers of a serous membrane that is produced by the cells in the membrane to reduce friction between the 2 layers when organs shift in position
86
Pericardium
serous membrane associated with the heart
87
Pleura
serous membrane associated with the lungs
88
Peritoneum
serous membrane associated with the abdominal organs
89
Retroperitoneal
in the occasions when the abdominal organs are not located in the peritoneum but rather behind the peritoneum
90
Right hypochondriac
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; top right
91
Epigastric
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; top middle
92
Left hypochondriac
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; top left
93
Right lumbar
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; middle right
94
Umbilical
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; center
95
Left lumbar
1 of 9 abdomonopelvic regions; middle left
96
Right inguinal
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; bottom right
97
Hypogastric
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; bottom middle
98
Left inguinal
1 of 9 abdominopelvic regions; bottom left
99
Quadrants
2nd scheme dividing the abdominopelvic cavity; common in clinical use; formed by 1 vertical line and 1 horizontal line that meet at the umbilicus (navel); right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
100
Organ
structure with a defined shape that is composed of more than 1 type of tissue, and performs a general role in the body
101
System
organs are combined to form a larger group called this, which performs a more general role to support health; 11 of these in the body
102
Homeostasis
physiological state of equilibrium in an effort to achieve survival
