Physics Ch 7 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physics Ch 7 Deck (50)
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0
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

1
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

2
Q

Work

A

Product of the component of the force in the direction of motion times the distance through which the force acts

3
Q

Newton-meter

A

SI unit of energy & work; AKA joule or 1 kg m^2/s^2

4
Q

Net work

A

Sum of all work done by external forces

5
Q

Work-energy theorem

A

Net work on a system equals the change in the quantity 1/2 mv^2

6
Q

Translational kinetic energy (KE)

A

Energy associated with translational motion

7
Q

Gravitational potential energy (PEg)

A

Energy associated with the state of separation between 2 objects that attract each other by the gravitational force; energy stored in the gravitational field of Earth

8
Q

Conservative force

A

Work force done by or against it depends only on the starting and ending points of a motion and not on the path taken

8
Q

Conservative force

A

Work force done by or against it depends only on the starting and ending points of a motion and not on the path taken

9
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy a system has due to position, shape, or configuration; stored energy, completely recoverable

9
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy a system has due to position, shape, or configuration; stored energy, completely recoverable

10
Q

Potential energy of a spring (PEs)

A

Work done on the spring & the energy stored in it as a result of stretching or compressing it a distance, x

10
Q

Potential energy of a spring (PEs)

A

Work done on the spring & the energy stored in it as a result of stretching or compressing it a distance, x

11
Q

Conservation of mechanical energy

A

Form of the work-energy theorem for conservative forces

11
Q

Conservation of mechanical energy

A

Form of the work-energy theorem for conservative forces

12
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Kinetic + potential energy of a system

12
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Kinetic + potential energy of a system

13
Q

Nonconservative force

A

Work depends on the path taken

13
Q

Nonconservative force

A

Work depends on the path taken

14
Q

Thermal energy

A

the energy within an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules that accounts for the object’s temperature

14
Q

Thermal energy

A

the energy within an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules that accounts for the object’s temperature

15
Q

Electrical energy

A

Energy carried by the flow of a charge

15
Q

Electrical energy

A

Energy carried by the flow of a charge

16
Q

Chemical energy

A

the energy in a substance stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules that can be released in a chemical reaction

16
Q

Chemical energy

A

the energy in a substance stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules that can be released in a chemical reaction

17
Q

Radiant energy

A

the energy carried by electromagnetic waves

17
Q

Radiant energy

A

the energy carried by electromagnetic waves

18
Q

Nuclear energy

A

energy released by changes within atomic nuclei, such as the fusion of two light nuclei or the fission of a heavy nucleus

18
Q

Nuclear energy

A

energy released by changes within atomic nuclei, such as the fusion of two light nuclei or the fission of a heavy nucleus

19
Q

Efficiency

A

a measure of the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work; useful energy or work divided by the total input of energy

19
Q

Efficiency

A

a measure of the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work; useful energy or work divided by the total input of energy

20
Q

Power

A

Rate at which work is done

20
Q

Power

A

Rate at which work is done

21
Q

Watt

A

SI unit for power

21
Q

Watt

A

SI unit for power

22
Q

Horsepower

A

746 w

22
Q

Horsepower

A

746 w

23
Q

Kilowatt hour

A

unit used primarily for electrical energy provided by electric utility companies

23
Q

Kilowatt hour

A

unit used primarily for electrical energy provided by electric utility companies

24
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities

24
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and to do different activities

25
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

total energy conversion rate of a person at rest

25
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

total energy conversion rate of a person at rest

26
Q

Useful work

A

work done on the outside world; requires a force exerted through a distance

26
Q

Useful work

A

work done on the outside world; requires a force exerted through a distance

27
Q

Renewable forms of energy

A

Sources that can’t be used up

27
Q

Renewable forms of energy

A

Sources that can’t be used up

28
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Oil, natural gas, & coal

28
Q

Fossil fuels

A

Oil, natural gas, & coal

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