Bio Ch 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

scientific study of life

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

composed of a variety of molecules working together; a basic unit of structure and function of all living things

Question 3

Unicellular

Answer 3

Ex. paramecia; live independently

Question 4

Multicellular

Answer 4

contain more than one cell

Question 5

Emergent properties

Answer 5

function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

unit of 2+ atoms of the same or different elements

Question 8

Tissue

Answer 8

group of cells with a common structure and function

Question 9

Organ

Answer 9

composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task

Question 10

Organ System

Answer 10

composed of several organs working together

Question 11

Organism

Answer 11

an individual; complex individuals contain organ systems

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

organisms of the same species in a particular area

Question 13

Community

Answer 13

Interacting populations in a particular area

Question 14

Ecosystem

Answer 14

Community plus the physical environment

Question 15

Biosphere

Answer 15

regions of the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things; zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the earth where organisms exist

Question 16

Energy

Answer 16

capacity to do work

Question 17

metabolism

Answer 17

(Meta = change); encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Question 18

Photosynthesis

Answer 18

process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy of organic nutrient molecules

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

biological balance (Gk, homioas, like and stasis, the same)

Question 20

Reproduce

Answer 20

Every type of living thing can make another organism like itself

Question 21

Genes

Answer 21

blueprint for an organism’s metabolism and organization are encoded in these; contain specific info for how the organism is to be ordered; made of long molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 22

Adaptations

Answer 22

(Latin, ad, toward & aptus, suitable); modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

Latin, evolution, an unrolling; way in which populations of organisms change over the course of many generations to become more suited to their environments

Question 24

Common Characteristics of all Living Organisms

Answer 24

(1) Acquire materials/energy (2) maintain homeostasis (3) respond (4) reproduce/develop (5) have adaptations (6) are organized

Question 25

Taxonomy

Answer 25

Greek, tasso, arrange & nomos, usage; discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

Question 26

Systematics

Answer 26

Study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 26

Taxa (basic classification categories)

Answer 26

(least inclusive to most) Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, & domain (Dynamic Kings Play Chess On Fine Grain Sand)

Question 27

3 Domains

Answer 27

Domain Bacteria, domain Archaea, domain Eukarya

Question 28

Common Characteristics of all Living Organisms

Answer 28

(1) Acquire materials/energy (2) maintain homeostasis (3) respond (4) reproduce/develop (5) have adaptations

Question 28

Domain Bacteria

Answer 28

Contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea b/c they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics

Question 29

Taxonomy

Answer 29

Greek, tasso, arrange & nomos, usage; discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules

Question 29

Domain Archaea

Answer 29

Contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea

Question 29

Domain Archaea

Answer 29

Contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea

Question 30

Domain Eukarya

Answer 30

Organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 30

Domain Eukarya

Answer 30

Organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 31

Prokaryotes

Answer 31

lack membrane-bounded nucleus

Question 32

Animals

Answer 32

Kingdom Animalia; multicellular organisms that must ingest and process their food; ex. aardvarks, jellyfish, zebras

Question 33

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 33

(Latin bi, 2 & nomen, name); each living thing is assigned a two-part name called a scientific name; ex. mistletoe = Phoradendron tomentosum; 1st word = genus; 2nd word = species designation (specific epithet)

Question 34

Natural selection

Answer 34

process that made modification/adaptation possible (Charles Darwin); "common descent with modification"

Question 35

Fungi

Answer 35

Kingdom Fungi; familiar molds, mushrooms; along with bacteria, help decompose dead organisms

Question 36

Animals

Answer 36

Kingdom Animalia; multicellular organisms that must ingest and process their food; ex. aardvarks, jellyfish, zebras

Question 37

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 37

(Latin bi, 2 & nomen, name); each living thing is assigned a two-part name called a scientific name; ex. mistletoe = Phoradendron tomentosum; 1st word = genus; 2nd word = species designation (specific epithet)

Question 37

Natural selection

Answer 37

process that made modification/adaptation possible (Charles Darwin); "common descent with modification"

Question 38

Biodiversity

Answer 38

total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live

Question 39

Extinction

Answer 39

death of a species or larger classification category

Question 40

Hypothesis

Answer 40

informed statement that can be tested in a manner suited to the processes of science

Question 41

Phenomenon

Answer 41

natural event

Question 42

Observation

Answer 42

Formal way of "seeing what happens"

Question 43

Inductive reasoning

Answer 43

occurs whenever a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole

Question 44

Experimental design

Answer 44

manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment

Question 45

Experimental (independent) variable

Answer 45

good experimental design ensures scientists are examining the contribution of a specific variable to the observation; component or factor being tested

Question 46

Deductive reasoning

Answer 46

"If, then" logic

Question 47

Prediction

Answer 47

expected outcome

Question 48

Standard deviation

Answer 48

statistical analysis that is a measure of how much the data in an experiment varies

Question 49

Control

Answer 49

group not exposed to the environmental variable

Question 50

Scientific theories

Answer 50

concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses; supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data, often from a variety of disciplines

Question 51

Data

Answer 51

results of an experiment; should be observable and objective

Question 52

Experimental design

Answer 52

manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment

Question 52

Law

Answer 52

sometimes = preferred term instead of principle

Question 53

Conclusion

Answer 53

Is the hypothesis supported or not?

Question 54

Principle

Answer 54

theories that are generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists

Question 55

Responding (dependent) variable

Answer 55

result or change that occurs due to the experimental (independent) variable

Question 57

Law

Answer 57

sometimes = preferred term instead of principle

Question 61

Scientific theories

Answer 61

concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses; supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data, often from a variety of disciplines