Lab Ex 38 Survey of the Animal Kingdom - Phyla Mollusca & Annelida

Question 1

Phyla Mollusca & Annelida

Answer 1

have coelomic body cavity surrounded by mesoderm; contain complex systems of organs and compartments

Question 2

Protostomes

Answer 2

include phyla mollusca, annelida, and anthropoda; have well-developed nervous, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, and digestive systems

Question 3

Deuterostomes

Answer 3

include phyla Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata

Question 4

Mantle

Answer 4

mollusks such as snails, clams, octopuses, and squids are soft-bodied animals with this specialized layer of epidermal cells that secretes a shell

Question 5

Open Circulatory Systems

Answer 5

blood pools in sinuses and bathe the organs directly; have a few large vessels and a heart, but no smaller vessels and capillaries

Question 6

Visceral mass

Answer 6

digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems & sensory structures

Question 7

Foot

Answer 7

ventral, muscular, often highly modified; used for locomotion

Question 8

Head

Answer 8

some mollusks have; some don’t

Question 9

Radula

Answer 9

horny-toothed organ in the mouth; scrapes food (algae) from rocks

Question 10

Incurrent siphon & Excurrent siphon

Answer 10

mantles of the left and right valves join posteriorly to form a ventral ___ ___ & a dorsal ___ ___ that direct water through the clam

Question 11

Mantle Cavity

Answer 11

the space between the mantle and visceral mass; water flows into this through the incurrent siphon, over the gills, and then dorsally into a space between the visceral mass where gills attach to the mantle; water exits this chamber posteriorly through the excurrent siphon

Question 12

Hinge & umbo

Answer 12

on the dorsal surface of a clam; latter is toward anterior end

Question 13

Labial palps

Answer 13

channel food to a clam’s mouth

Question 14

Segmentation

Answer 14

most distinctive feature of phylum annelida; body of an annelid is divided into repetitive segments (AKA metameres) arranged on a longitudinal axis and divided by septa

Question 15

Setae

Answer 15

small, bristlelike appendages often occurring in pairs on lateral and ventral surfaces

Question 16

Parapodia

Answer 16

each segment of a polychaete bears a pair of fleshy appendages called this; have large surface area, are highly vascularized with blood vessels, and help the polychaete move and respire

Question 17

Prostomium

Answer 17

mouth of oligochaetes is preceded by this fleshy lobe

Question 18

Peristomium

Answer 18

posterior to the mouth of oligochaetes is this first body segment

Question 19

Clitellum

Answer 19

series of swollen segments at the anterior third of the body

Question 20

Seminal vesicles

Answer 20

where sperm mature in earthworms

Question 21

Male gonopores

Answer 21

where sperm exit an earthworm (segment 15)

Question 22

Seminal receptacles

Answer 22

each side of segment 10 on an earthworm; store sperm temporarily

Question 23

Female gonopores

Answer 23

segment 14 of an earthworm; clitellum secretes a mucous band that slides anteriorly and picks eggs up from this + stored sperm from seminal receptacles

Question 24

Cocoon

Answer 24

after the eggs are fertilized in the mucous band, the worm releases it as this

Question 25

Pharynx

Answer 25

segments of an earthworm's digestive tract are fused and specialized to form a muscular _____ (for suction and ingestion of food)

Question 26

Esophagus

Answer 26

for transport of food in an earthworm

Question 27

Crop

Answer 27

for food storage and some digestion in earthworms

Question 28

Gizzard

Answer 28

for maceration or crushing of food in earthworms

Question 29

Intestine

Answer 29

for absorption of nutrients

Question 30

Ventral nerve cord

Answer 30

spinal cord in earthworms (on underside)

Question 31

Nephridia

Answer 31

small, white, convoluted tubes; found on the inner surface of each segment of an earthworm; function like kidneys (collect and release excretory wastes)

Question 32

Nephrostomes

Answer 32

ciliated, funnel-shaped structures on the ends of the nephridia that gather waste products that are released through external pores called nephridiopores

Question 33

Nephridiopores

Answer 33

external pores where waste products are released from earthworms

Question 34

Dorsal & Ventral Blood Vessels

Answer 34

blood vessels above and below the intestine in earthworms; main vessels of the closed circulatory system

Question 35

Lateral hearts

Answer 35

5 of these in earthworms; promote blood circulation no more than the dorsal and ventral vessels

Question 36

Typhlosole

Answer 36

digestive tract of earthworms has an internal fold of tissue called this, which arises from the dorsal wall; creates a U-shaped intestinal lumen, doubles the surface area for absorption

Question 37

Spermatophore

Answer 37

two leeches intertwine and species with copulatory organs inject a packet of sperm called this into the female gonopore