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From Flashcardlet > Anatomy Chapter 6 - Brachium > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 6 - Brachium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the septum in the brachium an extension of?

A

Septum is the extension of fascia that connects to the periosteum

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2
Q

Where is the medial inter muscular septum?

A

Creates an anterior and posterior compartments in the brachium

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3
Q

Where is the lateral inter muscular septum?

A

Helps to create and anterior and posterior compartment in the forearm, along with the interosseous membrane

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4
Q

What compartment deals with flexion?

A

Anterior compartment

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5
Q

What compartment deals with extension?

A

Posterior compartment

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6
Q

What is the interosseous membrane’s equivalent in the arm?

A

Interosseous in forearm = medial intermuscular septum in arm

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7
Q

What is the main function of the coracobrachialis?

A

Anti gravity muscle - holds head of humerus into glenoid

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8
Q

What are the heads of the biceps brachii?

A

Long and short head

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9
Q

Which head of the biceps brachii is medial and lateral?

A

Long head is more posterior and lateral

Short head is more anterior and medial

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10
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii insert?

A

Intertubercular groove to the supraglenoid tubercle on the scapula

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11
Q

Where does the short head of the biceps brachii originate?

A

Coracoid process

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12
Q

What ligament crosse over the tendon of the biceps, and which head?

A

Transverse humeral ligament passes over long head of the biceps brachii

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13
Q

What is the common insertion of both biceps heads?

A

Radial tuberosity

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14
Q

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

Blends with the fascia of the forearm

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15
Q

How does the bicipital aponeurosis affect the attachment of the biceps?

A

It indirectly attaches the biceps to the ulna

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16
Q

What is the nickname for the bicipital aponeurosis and why?

A

Grase deux - grace of God - they realized that the fascia was strong enough to protect the artery from a cut from a sword

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17
Q

What is the deep tendon reflex tested in the arm?

A

Bicipital myotatic reflex

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18
Q

Where do you test the bicipital myotatic reflex?

A

Relaxed limb, examiners thumb firmly placed on biceps tendon, and hammer is briskly tapped at base of thumb - normal response is involuntary contraction of the biceps

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19
Q

What does the positive response of the bicipital myotatic reflex test?

A

Function of C5 and C6

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20
Q

What is biceps tendinitis a result of?

A

Tendon of long head of biceps is enclosed by synovial sheath that moves back and forth in the inter tubercular sulcus - wear and tear of this mechanism

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21
Q

What does the rupture of a biceps tendon result from?

A

Rupture results from wear and tear of inflamed tendon as it moves back and forth in inter tubercular sulcus, and chronic inflammation

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22
Q

What is the popeye deformity?

A

Detached muscle belly forms a ball near the center of the anterior aspect of the arm due to the rupture of the biceps tendon

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23
Q

What is the pathway of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Pierces the coracobrachialis, front to back, and travels laterally down forearm

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24
Q

What is the only head of the triceps that passes over the glenohumeral joint and acts on it?

A

Long head of triceps is only head that acts on glenohumeral joint

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25
Q

What is the head of the triceps that acts primarily in extension of the elbow?

A

Medial head

Lateral with resistance

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26
Q

What head of the triceps acts in the stabilization of the elbow?

A

Long head

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27
Q

What is the anconeus attached to, and why is this important?

A

Anconeus is attached to the capsule of the elbow, preventing the capsule from being pinched during extension

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28
Q

What does the anconeus do during pronation?

A

Abducts the ulna during pronation

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29
Q

Does the biceps have an attachment to the humerus?

A

NO - scapula and radius

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30
Q

What three joints does the biceps brachii pass over?

A

Humeroulnar
Ulnar-radial
Glenohumeral

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31
Q

What is the lady between two majors?

A

Latissimus dorsi attaches to intertubercular groove between pectorals major (lateral) and teres major (medial)

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32
Q

Where is the name change from axillary artery to brachial artery?

A

Inferior border of teres major

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33
Q

What does the brachial artery branch into?

A

Profunda brachii, radial and ulnar branches

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34
Q

What artery branches off the ulnar artery?

A

Common interosseous

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35
Q

What does the common interosseous artery branch into?

A

Anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

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36
Q

What is the largest branch of the brachial artery?

A

Profunda brachii

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37
Q

What nerve does the profunda brachii accompany?

A

Radial nerve

38
Q

What does the profunda brachii divide into?

A

Middle and radial collateral branches

39
Q

What are collateral versus recurrent arteries?

A

Collateral are proximal - going to the joint

Recurrent are distal - coming back to the joint

40
Q

What is the collateral and recurrent arteries function?

A

Reversal of the flow of blood if there is a blockage

41
Q

Why are veins more variable than arteries?

A

Arteries have a specific target, but veins just need to get the blood back to the heart

42
Q

What are the collateral arteries?

A

Radial
Superior ulnar
Inferior ulnar

43
Q

What do the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries branch from?

A

Brachial artery

44
Q

What does the radial collateral artery branch from?

A

Profunda brachii

45
Q

What are the recurrent arteries?

A

Radial
Anterior and posterior ulnar
Interosseous

46
Q

Where do the recurrent arteries branch from?

A

Recurrent arteries are named by the artery they branch from (anterior and poster ulnar recurrent arteries stem from the ulnar artery)

47
Q

What are the two main superficial veins?

A

Basilic and cephalic

48
Q

What side of the arm do we find the basilic vein?

A

Basilic is medial - pinky side

Basilic runs outside of fascia distally and penetrates fascia more proximally

49
Q

What side of the arm do we find the cephalic vein?

A

Cephalic is lateral - thumb side

50
Q

Which superficial vein runs higher in the arm?

A

Cephalic runs higher into the deltoid

51
Q

What vein of the arm is a common source of variance?

A

Median cubital

52
Q

What vein do we do blood draws from?

A

Median cubital

53
Q

Where does the brachial vein begin, and what veins join to create it?

A

Brachial vein begins at the elbow by union of the ulnar and radial veins

54
Q

Where does the brachial vein end?

A

Joins the basilica vein to form the axillary vein

55
Q

What kind of connections occur between the deep and superficial veins?

A

Blood can go from superficial to deep veins, but not vice versa

56
Q

What is the name for the veins that form a network in the anterior and posterior hand?

A

Dorsal and palmar venous arch

57
Q

What are the nerves of the arm?

A 
Axillary
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
58
Q

What does injury to the radial nerve result in?

A

Paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensor muscles of the wrist and gibers - hand drooping

59
Q

What injury might result in injury to the radial nerve?

A

Humerus or lateral epicondyle factures

60
Q

What nerves of the arm do not innervate the muscles and skin of the brachium?

A

Median and ulnar

61
Q

Which nerve innervates mostly the hand?

A

Ulnar

62
Q

What nerve is hit when you hit your funny bone?

A

Ulnar - runs out of fascia at the medial epicondyle and then enters back into fascia

63
Q

What is the unilateral area of skin innervated by, generally?

A

The fibers of a single spinal nerve

64
Q

What is the axial line, in terms of dermatome?

A

The line down the anterior side of the arm, a division between C5 and T1 where they wrap around the arm, but are not continuous

65
Q

What is an example of a dermatome that might have intercrossings of nerve fibers, and an example of one that will not?

A

C5 and C6 may have intercorssings, but C5 and T1 will not

66
Q

What does a centrally located injury to the plexus reflect in the dermatome?

A

Central injuries involve nerves injured before it is in the plexus (roots), so it will only affect one dermatome

67
Q

What does a peripherally located injury to the plexus reflect in the dermatome?

A

Peripheral injury involves nerves that are already in the plexus, which could supply two different dermatomes

68
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Imaginary lines between the humeral epicondyles

69
Q

What are the side borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Extensor and flexor muscles

70
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A

Brachialis tendon and supinator muscle

71
Q

What two veins join in the cubital fossa to create the median antecubital vein?

A

Cephalic and basilic

72
Q

What vein do we commonly use for venous puncture?

A

Median anticubital

73
Q

Where is the median nerve located in the cubital fossa?

A

Between the brachial is and brachioradialis, wrapping around the posterior arm

74
Q

What two branches come off the median nerve at the cubital fossa?

A

Motor branch and superficial cutaneous

75
Q

Where does the motor branch of the median nerve supply?

A

Supinator muscles and posterior forearm muscles

76
Q

What nerve is not located in the subcutaneous layer of the cubital fossa?

A

Ulnar nerve - leaves fascia and wraps around epicondyles in the subcutaneous layer, then reenters the fascia in the forearm

77
Q

When a muscle acts in flexion of the forearm, what is it flexing?

A

Wrist and fingers

78
Q

What are the elbow joints?

A

Humeroulnar and humeroradial (and ulnoradial)

79
Q

What kind of joint are the elbow joints?

A

Hinge, synovial

80
Q

Why is the capitulum rounded?

A

The head of the radius can rotate around it for pronation and supination

81
Q

What is the carrying angle and what degree is the average?

A

Carrying angle is the bent angle at which the forearm protrudes from the elbow, 10 degrees on average

82
Q

Where is the radial notch?

A

On ulna for radioulnar joint

83
Q

Where is the ulnar notch?

A

On the radius for the radioulnar joint

84
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

Wraps around the head of the radius

85
Q

What ligament does the annular ligament stem from?

A

Stems from the radial collateral ligament

86
Q

What are the bands of the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Oblique

87
Q

Which band of the ulnar collateral ligament is the strongest?

A

Anterior

88
Q

What does the posterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament look like?

A

Fan like

89
Q

What is the oblique band of the ulnar collateral ligament’s function?

A

Deepens the socket of the trochlear notch - located more on the ulna

90
Q

What is the Tommy John procedure?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

91
Q

What is the function of bursar?

A

To protect soft tissue structures from bony prominences

92
Q

What are the three olecranon bursar?

A

Subtendinous
Intratendinous
Subcutaneous

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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