Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Question 1

Moderate spectrum BPSI

Answer 1

Macrolides

Ketolide

Question 2

Narrow spectrum BPSI

Answer 2

Lincosamides
Streptogramins
Linezolid

Question 3

BUY AT 30, CELLS at 50

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins

Question 4

Causes aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome

Answer 4

Chloramphenicol

Question 5

Used for SIADH

Answer 5

Demeclocycline

Question 6

Causes tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration

Answer 6

Tetracycline

Question 7

Do not take tetracycline with?

Answer 7

Milk (decreases absorption)

Question 8

Indications of macrolides

Answer 8

CAP
Pertussis
Diphtheria
Chlamydial infections

Question 9

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

Answer 9

Azithromycin

Question 10

Macrolide with the highest Vd and slowest elimination

Answer 10

Azithromycin

Question 11

Used for macrolide resistance

Answer 11

Telithromycin

Question 12

Used for endocarditis prophylaxis (penicillin-allergy)

Answer 12

Clindamycin

Question 13

Causes pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)

Answer 13

Clindamycin

Question 14

Used for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Answer 14

Clindamycin

Question 15

Used for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

Answer 15

Metronidazole

Question 16

Indication of quinupristin-dalfopristin

(Streptogramin) and Linezolid/Oxazolidinone

Answer 16

Infections caused by drug-resistant gram positive cocci (MRSA, VRSA, VRE)

Question 17

Causes arthralgia-myalgia syndrome

Answer 17

Streptogramins

Question 18

Causes serotonin syndrome

Answer 18

Linezolid

Question 19

Mode of antibacterial action of aminoglycosides

Answer 19

Concentration-dependent killing action

Question 20

Mode of antibacterial action of penicillins and cephalosporins

Answer 20

Time-dependent killing action

Question 21

What is the basis for once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides?

Answer 21

Post-antibiotic effect

Question 22

Least resistance but has the narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides

Answer 22

Amikacin

Question 23

Aminoglycosides

Answer 23

GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen

Question 24

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

Answer 24

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

Question 25

2nd line drug for MDRTB

Answer 25

Amikacin

Question 26

Teratogen (causes congenital deafness); administered IM

Answer 26

Streptomycin

Question 27

Used as bowel prep for elective surgery and for hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 27

Neomycin (topical and oral)

Question 28

Used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 28

Paromomycin

Question 29

Most ototoxic aminoglycosides

Answer 29

Kanamycin

Question 30

How do you reverse the neuromuscular blockade caused by neomycin?

Answer 30

Give calcium gluconate and neostigmime

Question 31

Cumulative ototoxicity occurs when aminoglycosides are given with?

Answer 31

Loop diuretics

Question 32

Broad spectrum BPSI

Answer 32

Chloramphenicol | Tetracyclines

Question 33

Tetracycline which has the the broadest spectrum (less resistance)

Answer 33

Tigecycline

Question 34

Toxicities of tetracycline

Answer 34

Deposition in developing bones and teeth, photosensitivity, superinfection

Question 35

The only bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor which is bactericidal

Answer 35

Streptogramins

Question 36

Causes QT prolongation

Answer 36

Macrolides

Question 37

MOA of doxycyline

Answer 37

Interference with binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to bacterial ribosomes

Question 38

Clarithromycin vs Erythromycin

Answer 38

Clarithromycin is more active than erythromycin against M. avium complex, T. gondii, and H. pylori

Question 39

Primary mechanism of resistance of gram-positive organisms to erythromycin

Answer 39

Methylation of binding sites on the 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 40

DOC of Chlamydial infection (non compliant patient)

Answer 40

Single oral dose of azithromycin

Question 41

DOC for prophylaxis in high-risk penicillin-allergic patients undergoing genitourinary and lower GI surgical procedures

Answer 41

IV vancomycin

Question 42

DOC of CAP

Answer 42

Monotherapy: Macrolides Doxycycline Respiratory quinolone

Question 43

Macrolides should not be taken with?

Answer 43

Methylxanthines (caffeine)

Question 44

Causes dose-related anemia

Answer 44

``` Chloramphenicol Oxazolidinone (Linezolid) ```

Question 45

Causes Fanconi's syndrome

Answer 45

Tetracycline