Pancreatic Drugs

Question 1

Rapid acting insulin

3-4hrs

Answer 1

Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

Question 2

Short acting insulin

5-7hrs

Answer 2

Regular insulin

Question 3

Intermediate acting insulin

18-24hrs

Answer 3

NPH

Lente

Question 4

NPH is a combination of?

Answer 4

Regular insulin and protamine

Question 5

Long acting insulin

18-28hrs

Answer 5

Ultralente

Question 6

Ultra long acting insulin

>24hrs

Answer 6

LanDe mo Glar

Lantus
Detemir
Glargine

Question 7

Glucose transporter in RBCs and brain

Answer 7

GLUT-1, 3

Question 8

Glucose transporter in pancreas, liver, kidney, and gut

Answer 8

GLUT-2

Question 9

Glucose transporter in muscle and adipose tissue

Answer 9

GLUT-4

Question 10

MOA of 1st generation sulfonylureas

Answer 10

Increases insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K channels

Question 11

Causes disulfiram reaction

Answer 11

Chlorpropamide
Tolbutamide
Tolazamide

Question 12

Used in diabetics with sulfa allergies

Answer 12

ReNaMi

Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide

Question 13

Used in Type 2 DM (postprandial hyperglycemia)

Answer 13

Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Mitiglinide

Question 14

Has the least incidence of hypoglycemia and may be used in CKD patients

Answer 14

Nateglinide

Question 15

MOA of metformin

Answer 15

Activates AMP-stimulated protein kinase leading to inhibition of hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis; stimulates glycolysis in peripheral tissues; slows glucose absorption from the GIT; reduces plasma glucagon levels

Question 16

1st line treatment of type 2 DM

Answer 16

Metformin

Question 17

SE of metformin

Answer 17

Nausea
Diarrhea
Lactic acidosis

Question 18

DOC for obese diabetics (DM type 2); restores fertility in anovulatory women with PCOS

Answer 18

Metformin

Question 19

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 19

Mnemonic: thiaZONElidinediones

Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
Troglitazone

Question 20

MOA of thiazolidinediones

Answer 20

Activates PPAR-gamma receptor; increases tissue sensitivity to insulin; can reduce both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia

Question 21

Used for DM prevention

Answer 21

Thiazolidinediones
Acarbose
Metformin

Question 22

Thiazolidinedione which reduces mortality and macrovascular events (MI and stroke)

Answer 22

Pioglitazone

Question 23

Thiazolidinedione which increases the risk of MI

Answer 23

Rosiglitazone

Question 24

Causes CHF; CI in CHF; may increase the risk of bone fractures

Answer 24

Thiazolidinediones: can cause fluid retention, which presents as mild anemia and edema

Question 25

Cytochrome P450 inducer

Answer 25

Pioglitazone | Troglitazone

Question 26

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 26

Acarbose | Miglitol

Question 27

Acarbose is contraindicated in?

Answer 27

Patients with renal impairment

Question 27

GLP-1 agonist; incretin modulator; augments glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic B cells; retards gastric emptying; inhibits glucagon secretion; produces a feeling of satiety

Answer 27

Exenatide (may cause acute pancreatitis)

Question 27

Toxicities of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 27

Flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain

Question 28

The enzyme that degrades GLP-1 and other incretins

Answer 28

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4)

Question 29

DDP-4 inhibitor; incretin modulator

Answer 29

Sitagliptin (may cause headache, nasopharyngitis, and URTI)

Question 30

Side effect of Bangkok pills

Answer 30

Valvular heart disease

Question 36

An injectable synthetic analog of amylin; supresses glucagon release; slows gastric emptying; supresses appetite

Answer 36

Pramlintide

Question 37

Provides a peakless basal insulin level lasting more than 20h, which helps control basal levels without producing hypoglycemia

Answer 37

Long-acting insulin: Glargine Detemir

Question 38

Most common complication of insulin use?

Answer 38

Hypoglycemia

Question 39

Mechanism of insulin release

Answer 39

Increased extracellular glucose -> increased intracellular ATP -> Closure of K channels -> depolarization -> Opening of Ca channels -> Increased intracellular Ca -> Insulin release

Question 40

The preferred insulin for continuous subcutaneous infusion devices; can be used for emergency treatment of uncomplicated DKA

Answer 40

Rapid-acting insulin: LAG Lispro Aspart Glulisine