Drugs For Hypertension and Angina

Question 1

Cause powerful diuresis and increased calcium excretion

Answer 1

Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid

Question 2

Drugs used for HTN in pregnancy

Answer 2

MeHyNiLa
Methyldopa
Hydralazine
Nifedipine
Labetalol

Question 3

MOA of reserpine

Answer 3

Irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

Question 4

The primary action for HTN of nonselective beta blockers

Answer 4

Reduces renin release (B1)

Question 5

Cause moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium

Answer 5

Thiazides

Question 6

Has combined alpha and beta blockade (may be used in pheochromocytoma)

Answer 6

Labetalol

Question 7

MOA of hydralazine

Answer 7

Releases nitric oxide from endothelial cells; Alters intracellular Ca metabolism; relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasodilation; decreases afterload

Question 8

SE of hydralazine

Answer 8

Reflex tachycardia

Drug-induced lupus

Question 9

Drugs which can cause drug-induced lupus

Answer 9

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine

Question 10

Used for alopecia

Answer 10

Minoxidil

Question 11

Causes first dose orthostatic hypotension

Answer 11

Alpha 1-selective blockers:

Prazosin, etc

Question 11

MOA of Minoxidil

Answer 11

A potassium channel opener that hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle; causes hirsutism

Question 13

MOA of minoxidil

Answer 13

Opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation, and vasodilation

Question 14

Non-dihydropyridine CCBs (cardiac > vascular)

Answer 14

Verapamil

Diltiazem

Question 15

Dihydropyridine CCBs (vascular > cardiac)

Answer 15

Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Nisoldipine

Question 16

Used for the OPD management of SVT

Answer 16

Verapamil

Question 17

MOA of nitroprusside

Answer 17

Releases nitric oxide which stimulates guanylyl cyclase that increases cGMP in smooth muscles; Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle (decreases both preload and afterload)

Question 18

SE of nitroprusside

Answer 18

Hypotension
Headache
Cyanide toxicity

Question 19

MOA of fenoldopam

Answer 19

Dopamine 1 agonist; Causes arteriolar vasodilation of the afferent and efferent arterioles; increases renal blood flow

Question 20

Used for performance anxiety

Answer 20

Propranolol

Question 21

Used for hypertensive emergency

Answer 21

Nitroprusside

Fenoldopam

Question 22

Teratogen: causes renal agenesis

Answer 22

ACEIs

Question 23

Delays progression of DM nephropathy

Answer 23

ACEIs

ARBs

Question 24

MOA of aliskiren

Answer 24

Inhibits renin; prevents conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Question 25

Drugs for malignant HTN

Answer 25

Vasodilators Diuretics Beta blockers

Question 26

Slows ventricular remodeling and increases survival in heart failure; Delays progression of DM nephropathy

Answer 26

ACEIs and ARBs

Question 27

CCB which can also be used for SVT

Answer 27

Verapamil | Diltiazem

Question 28

Drugs which can cause gingival hyperplasia

Answer 28

Nifedipine Cyclosporine Phenytoin Verapamil

Question 29

Ultrashort-acting nitrate used for the management of cyanide poisoning

Answer 29

Amyl nitrite

Question 30

Which portion of the electron transport chain is affected by cyanide?

Answer 30

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)

Question 31

Associated with occupational exposure to nitrates

Answer 31

Monday disease

Question 32

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

Answer 32

Inhaled amyl nitrite + IV Na Nitrite + IV Na Thiosulfate

Question 33

MOA of nitroglycerine

Answer 33

Releases NO, increases cGMP, and relaxes smooth muscles, especially vascular

Question 34

Contraindicated in heart failure

Answer 34

Non-dihydropyridine CCB: Verapamil Diltiazem

Question 35

Can be used for Raynaud's phenomenon

Answer 35

Diltiazem

Question 36

MOA of trimetazidine

Answer 36

Improves glucose utilization through FA metabolism; prevents decrease in ATP in hypoxic/ischemic tissue

Question 37

MOA of ivabradine

Answer 37

Increases funny Na current in SA node

Question 38

Used for angina prophylaxis; masks hypoglycemia in DM patients

Answer 38

Propranolol

Question 39

Causes reflex increase in HR and contractility and reflex decrease in ejection time

Answer 39

Nitrates

Question 40

Cause increased end-diastolic pressure and ejection time

Answer 40

BB or CCB

Question 41

MOA of clonidine

Answer 41

Agonist at alpha 2 receptors; in CNS this results in decreased SANS outflow

Question 42

SE of clonidine

Answer 42

Sedation; severe rebound HTN if suddenly stopped

Question 43

How do you control rebound HTN caused by clonidine?

Answer 43

Reinstitution of clonidine therapy or administration of alpha blockers such as phentolamine

Question 44

First line treatment for hypertension

Answer 44

Thiazides: Hydrochlorothiazide Chlorthalidone Indapamide

Question 45

MOA of methyldopa

Answer 45

Prodrug converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, with result like clonidine

Question 46

SE of methyldopa

Answer 46

Sedation; induces hemolytic antibodies

Question 47

Toxicities of CCBs

Answer 47

Excessive cardiac depression; constipation

Question 48

Anti HTN drugs which are contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 48

ACEIs and ARBs

Question 49

How do you control severe tachycardia caused by minoxidil

Answer 49

Give Beta blockers

Question 50

Which among the HTN drugs cause tachycardia?

Answer 50

Vasodilators

Question 51

Which among the anti-HTN drugs cause postural (orthostatic) hypotension?

Answer 51

Alpha-blockers (alpha receptor activation prevents venous pooling

Question 52

How do you relieve cough caused by ACEIs?

Answer 52

Give aspirin

Question 53

MOA of diazoxide

Answer 53

Potassium channel opener in smooth muscle, secretory cells; used for hypertensive emergencies and insulinoma