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Anatomy And Physiology > Capter 3 > Flashcards

Capter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge

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2
Q

How is and ionic bond formed

A

Ions attract each other because of the electrical attractive between a negative and positive ion

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3
Q

How do covalent bonds form?

A

When atoms fill their outer energy orbital by sharing electrons to become stable

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4
Q

Why are covalent bonds so strong?

A

The atoms must stay close together in order to share their electrons

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5
Q

Which elements almost always form covalent bonds?

A

The major elements of the human body ( C,N,O,H)

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6
Q

What causes hydrogen bonds?

A

Unequal charge distributions of molecules causing unequal saying of elect ones between and polar region of one molecular and a positive of another.

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7
Q

Rate the strength of bonds from lowest to highest

A

Hydrogen, ionic, covalent

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8
Q

What are the three basic types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis, decomposition and exchange

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9
Q

What do chemical reactions always involve?

A

Energy transfer

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10
Q

What kind of reactions can occur in both directions?

A

Reversible

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11
Q

What is metabolism and what two processes is it made up of?

A

All the chemical reactions that occur in body cells

Made of catabolism and anabolism

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12
Q

What are the 2 important descriptions of catabolism?

A

Break down complex molecules into simpler

Release energy

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13
Q

What are the 3 main end products of catabolism?

A

Carbon dioxide, water and waste

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14
Q

What happens with some of the energy release from catabolism

A

Turn to ATP to do cellular work

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15
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Join simple molecules together to create complex ones

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16
Q

Name a reaction that is anablistic

A

Dehydration reaction

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17
Q

How many carbon atoms must a organic molecule have and what are the two bonds that it must have to be classified as such?

A

Must have at least one carbon atom

Must have at least one carbon-carbon bond and/or one carbon-hydrogen bond in each molecules

18
Q

How many carbons do inorganic molecules have and what bonds do they have

A

They have very few carbon atoms and they do not have any carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-hydrogen bonds

19
Q

Name 4 examples of inorganic molecules?

A

Water, salt, some acids and bases

20
Q

Name the 4 properties of water

A
  1. Polarity
  2. Solvent
  3. High specific heat
  4. High heat of vaporization
21
Q

Define water polarity

A

Allows water to act as a solvent as it ionizes substances in solution

Ionizes means converts molecules into ions typically by removing electrons

22
Q

Describe water being solvent

A

Because many molecules can dissolve in, it allows for transportation of essential materials around the body

23
Q

Describe High specific heat of water

A

Water can lose and gain large amounts of heat with very little change in its own temperature

Allowing the body to maintain relative temperature

24
Q

Describe high heat of vapourization

A

Water requires the absorption of A lot of heat to change it from liquid to gas. Allows the body to dissipate the excess heat

25
Q

Water forms a _____ solution in the body

A

Aqueous

26
Q

Name the 2 chemical reactions that water is involved with

A

Dehydration and hydrolysis

27
Q

Describe a dehydration reaction

A

Water is removed in two molecule forming a bond into one

28
Q

Describe hydrolysis

A

Water is added to a larger molecule to break it down into two smaller ones.

29
Q

What is the significance of oxygen in the body?

A

Required to complete decomposition reactions that are necessary for the release of water in the body

30
Q

What is the significance of carbon dioxide in the body?

A

It is the waste product of cellular respiration and is important in maintaining the acid base balance in the body

31
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A molecule that dissociates in water to form individual ions

32
Q

What are three examples of ion electrolytes

A

Na+, Cl-, K+

33
Q

Pure water molecule dissociate to form equal amounts of ______ and ________

A

H+ and OH-

34
Q

What is the difference between water and acids/bases

A

Acids and bases do not have equal levels of OH- and H+

35
Q

What makes an acid

A

Substance has more H+ than OH-

36
Q

What makes a base

A

Substance has more OH- than H+

37
Q

What is another word for a substance that is basic

A

Alkaline

38
Q

Describe substances above and below pH of 7

A

Below 7 is acidic and above 7 is basic

39
Q

What is a buffer?

A

Buffers are chemical systems that absorb excess acid or bases and thus maintain a relatively stable pH

40
Q

What is neutralization and what is the result of it?

A

Occurs when strong acids and strong bases are mixed together

The results are water and salt

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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