Chapter 35 Part 2 `

Question 1

Trachea

Answer 1

Windpipe

11 cm (4.5 inches) long tube
from larynx  primary bronchi
held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage
mucous lining; ciliated epithelium

Question 2

Trachea function

Answer 2

Passageway for air to move to and from lungs
Ciliated mucosal lining traps airborne irritants
Complete occlusion of the airway causes death in minutes
4000+ deaths annually in the United States due to tracheal obstruction
Heimlich maneuver is a lifesaving technique used in cases of tracheal obstruction

Question 3

Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli structure

Answer 3

Trachea branches into right & left bronchi (primary bronchi) which lead into right and left lungs
In lung, each primary bronchi branches into increasingly smaller secondary bronchi which eventually lead to bronchioles (23 levels of branching)
Walls of bronchioles = smooth muscle (no rings of cartilage)

Bronchioles divide into microscopic tubes called alveolar ducts (look like the stem of a bunch of grapes)
Alveolar ducts end in clusters of microscopic alveolar sacs (look like clusters of grapes)
Walls of alveolar sacs are made of alveoli
Millions of alveoli per lung

Question 4

Bronchi, bronchioles and function

Answer 4

Passage way for air to move to and from alveoli

Question 5

Alveoli

Answer 5

Site of exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in lung capillaries and air in alveoli
Thin walled – single layer of cells
Direct contact with blood capillary

Question 6

Alveoli and respitory membrane

Answer 6

thin membrane that lies between the blood in the capillaries and the air in each alveolus
covered with surfactant – a substance that reduces surface tension to prevent collapse of alveoli as air moves in & out

Question 7

Lungs structure

Answer 7

Lungs
Fill chest cavity (except mediastinum); from diaphragm to above the clavicles
Right lung: Three lobes
Left lung: Two lobes
Hilum; where primary bronchi & pulmonary blood vessels enter
Base: Broad lower part of each lung; rests on diaphragm
Apex: Narrow upper part of each lung, under collarbone
Costal surface: Lies against ribs

Question 8

Pleura structure

Answer 8

Moist, smooth, slippery membrane that lines chest cavity and covers outer surface of lungs
Parietal: Lines walls of thoracic cavity
Visceral: Covers lungs
Intrapleural space: Lies between parietal and visceral

Question 9

Pleurisy

Answer 9

Inflamation of pleura

Question 10

Pneumothorax

Answer 10

Lung collapse

due to the presence of air in the intrapleural space on one side of the chest
the air increases the pressure on that side of the lung, causing it to collapse

Question 11

Lung function

Answer 11

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing

Question 12

Pleura function

Answer 12

Reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall during breathing