Lecture 26 B

Question 1

Pineals gland become ______ with age

Answer 1

Fibrous and calcified

Question 2

Pineal gland is called _____ because

Answer 2

Third eye becuase its influence on secretory activity is related to the amount of light entering the eyes

Question 3

Pineal glands main hormone secreted is _____

Answer 3

Melatonin,

Regulates biological clock and can affect mood

Question 4

Thyroid gland main function

Answer 4

Cellular metabolism
Blood calcium levels

Stores considerable amounts of its hormones in follicles

Question 5

T3 and t4 stimulate

Answer 5

Cellular metabolism

Question 6

Calcitonin has role in

Answer 6

Blood calcium concentration

Question 7

t4 thyroxine/ tetraiodothyronine has ____ iodine atoms

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Principal thyroid hormones

Answer 8

Triiodothyronine (t3)

Question 9

Goiter

Answer 9

Enlarged thyroid —> lack of iodine in diet —->hypothryroidism

Question 10

Hyperthyroidism (graves diseaseO

Answer 10

Increased levels of thyroid hormones

Question 11

Calcitonin decrease

Answer 11

The blood calcium concentration by increasing osteoclast activity

Question 12

Calcitonin maintains homeostasis of blood calcium by preventing _____

Answer 12

Hyperclcemia

Question 13

Parathyroid gland is

Answer 13

4 or t small gland found on back of thyroid

Question 14

Parathyroid gland increase

Answer 14

Increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bones

Has opposite effect of calcitonin

Question 15

Balance of _________ by the opposite effects of calcitonin and PTH is critical to life

Answer 15

Blood calcium

Question 16

Adrenal gland is made up of what two glands

Answer 16

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 17

What is the adrenal cortex composed of _______ and secretes ______

Answer 17

Endocrine tissue and secreteese corticoids

Question 18

Adrenal medulla is _____ part, is composed of ______ and secretes _______

Answer 18

Inner part

Composed of nuerosecretory tissue

Secretes stress hormone

Question 19

3 layers of adrenal cortex secrete ________ all are steroids known as _________

Answer 19

Hormones

Corticosteroids

Question 20

What are the 3 layers of adrenal cortex

Answer 20

Zona glomerulosa (outer)
Zona fasiculata (middle)
Zona reticularis (inner)

Question 21

Outer

Answer 21

Mineralocorticoids

Question 22

Mid

Answer 22

Glucocorticoids

Question 23

Inner

Answer 23

Gonadocorticoids

Question 24

Mineralcorticoids help control

Answer 24

The amount of certain mineral salts/ electrolyter in the blood

Question 25

Glucocoticoids help maintain

Answer 25

Normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis of liver cells

Question 26

Glucocoriticoids make it possible for

Answer 26

Other hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla to maintain a normal degree of vasoconstriction

Question 27

Glucocorticoids act wiht _______ to produce ___________

Answer 27

Epinephrine to prod anti inflammatory effect

Question 28

What is the main glucocorticoid

Answer 28

Cortisol

Question 29

Gonadocorticoids are ________

Answer 29

Androgens

Question 30

Gonadocorticoids similar to

Answer 30

Testosterone

Question 31

Pancreatic islets contain ____ type of endocrine cells

Answer 31

5 types

Question 32

Alpha cells secrete (pancreatic)

Answer 32

Glucagon

Question 33

Beta cells secrete

Answer 33

Insulin

Question 34

Glucagon increase

Answer 34

Blood glucose by accelerating glycogenolysis

Question 35

Type one diabetes

Answer 35

insulin dependent (dont secrete enough insulin)

Question 36

Type two diabetes

Answer 36

Non insulin dependent | Insulin resistance and decreased production

Question 37

Ovaries secrete what hormones (2)

Answer 37

Estrogens | Progesterone

Question 38

Estrogen secreted by

Answer 38

Ovarian follicles

Question 39

Progesterone secreted by ______ and maintains the lining of the _______

Answer 39

Corpus luteum Uterus

Question 40

What is placenta and what does it serve as _______ and produces __________

Answer 40

Tissues that form on the lining of the uterus as a connection between the circulatory systems of the mother and developing child Serves as a temporary endocrine gland Human gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 41

Thymus located in

Answer 41

Mediastinum

Question 42

Cortex and medulla of thymus made primarily of

Answer 42

WBCs

Question 43

The thymus secretes the hormone ______ which stimulates the development of _______

Answer 43

Thymosin T-cells

Question 44

What is Ghrelin (GHRL)

Answer 44

Appetite boosting hormone secreted by endocrine cells in gastric mucosa as well as in pancreatic islets

Question 45

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) produced by ________ and decreases ______

Answer 45

Atrial cells of heart Decreases blood pressure.