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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles 3 general functiond

A

Enables the body and its parts to move

Heat prodcution

Posture

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2
Q

3 functional characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility

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3
Q

Excitability meaning

A

Ability to be stimulated

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4
Q

Contractility meaning

A

Ability to contract/ shorten movement

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5
Q

Extensibility meaning

A

Ability to extend/ stretch, allowing muscle to return to their resting length

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6
Q

THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle is also called _____ or ______

A

Striated or voluntary

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle represents ____ to______ of body weight

A

40-50%

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle is attached to ____

A

Bones

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle has _________ striations and __________ contractions

A

Microscopic striations

Voluntary contractions

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle has ____________ cell/fiber that are arranged ________

A

Multinucleated

Around periphery of cell

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle cells are called

A

Fibres

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13
Q

Plasma membrane of muscle cell is called

A

Sarcolemma

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14
Q

Cytoplasm of skeletal muscle cell called

A

Sarcoplasm

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15
Q

The endoplasmic reticullum of the skeleton muscle is called ______ and the membrane is responsibe for ________

A

SarcOPLASMIC reticulum (SR)

Responsible for calciuam release and storage

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16
Q

Muscle fibres contain many _____ , ______, _______ and have inward extensions of the sarcolemma called _____

A

Mitochondria, nuclei, myofibrils,

T-tubules

17
Q

What are myofibrils

A

Numerous fine fibres packed together in the sarcoplasm

18
Q

What do t-tubules allow?

A

Allow nerve impulses to move deeper into the fibre

19
Q

Myofibrils are made up of very fine thread like structures called

A

Myofilaments

20
Q

_____ types of proteins make up myofilaments

A

4

21
Q

2 main types of proteins that make up the myofilaments

A

Myosin

Actin

22
Q

Myosin makes up most of the ______ myofilaments

A

Thick

23
Q

Actin makes up most of the _______ myofilaments

A

Thin

24
Q

Actin and myosin are arranged in repeating segments called

A

Sarcomere

25
Q

A sarcomere is the basic functional unit of _____

A

Muscle fibres

26
Q

Individual sarcomeres are seperated by

A

Z-lines (Z disks)

27
Q

A skeletal muscle fibre will stay at rest until

A

It is stimulated by a nerve impulse which arrived via a motor neurons

28
Q

The nerve impulse travels along the motor neuron until it reaches the

A

Neuromuscular junctino

29
Q

A synapse is

A

Microscopic gap between the end of motor nueon and sarcolemma of the fibre

30
Q

To transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse, what must be released

A

Nuerotrainsmitter

31
Q

Where do neuro transmitters bind when they are released

A

The muscle fibres sarcolemma

32
Q

What is the result of nuerotransmitters binding to the sarcolemma?

A

Excitation of sarcolemma, sending a nerve impulse resulting in calcium ions to be released into the sarcoplasm

33
Q

4 Steps of muscle movement

A
  1. Each myosin head in the thick filament moves into a resting position after an ATP molecule binds and transfers its energy
  2. Calcium ions released from the sercoplasmic reticulum bind to troponin in the thin filament thereby allowing tropomysin to shift from its position blocking the active sites of actin molecules
  3. Each myosin head then binds to an active site on thin filaments and displaces the remnants of ATP hydrolysis- ADP & Pi
  4. The release of stored energy from step q provides the force needed for each head to move back to its original position and pull actin along with it. Each head will remain bound to actin until another ATP molecule binds to it and pulls it back into its resting position.
34
Q

During contraction, _____ binds to actin forming _______ which acts as levers to pull the ______ past eachother

A

Myosin

Cross bridges

Myofilaments

35
Q

As muscle contracts, _________ slide past each other

A

Myofilaments

36
Q

Contraction requires _______ (for cross bridge formation) and _____

A

calcium

Atp

37
Q

SR actively removes _____ to stop contraction

A

Calcium

38
Q

Whole blood is

A

55% plasma
45% formed elements

Seperated by buffy coat

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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