Chapter 11 Part 2

Question 1

3 types of bone cells

Answer 1

Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoscytes

Question 2

Osteoblasts do what 4 things and are found in what 2 places

Answer 2

• Form new bone
• form bone matrix and secrete collagen fibers
• initiat process of clcification
• develop into osteocytes
• found periosteum and endosteum

Question 3

Osteoclasts (3)

Answer 3

Digest bone matrix
Concentrated in the endostrum
Secret bone digestive enzymes

Question 4

Osteocytes 3 features and where is it

Answer 4

Mature bone cells
No longer secrete matrix

Responsible for maintain the bone by regulating calicum deposited on the matrix

Located within the lacunae

Question 5

Osteo means

Answer 5

Bone

Question 6

Blast means

Answer 6

Immature, building, budding

Question 7

Clast means

Answer 7

Breaking

Question 8

Cyte means

Answer 8

Cell

Question 9

DESCRIBE BONE MARROW

Answer 9

Type of soft diffuse connective tissue

Site of production of blood cells

Found in the medullary cavities of long bones and the spongy bone space

Question 10

Bone marrow tissue also called

Answer 10

Myeloid tissue

Question 11

2 types of bone marrow

Answer 11

Red and yellow

Question 12

Red marrow

Answer 12

Found in all bones in infant or child

Mainly found in ribs, vertebrae, humerus, pelvis and femur of adult (end of long bone)

Makes red blood cell

Question 13

Yellow marrow

Answer 13

As individual ages, red replaced by yellow

Yellow saturate with fat and stop producing blood cells

Can change to red if decreased blood supply

Question 14

Calcium io concentraion is important for what 4 thines

Answer 14

Bone formation and repair
Blood cotting
Nerve impulse transmission
Skeletal and cardiac muscle concentraions

Question 15

WHAT 4 HORMONES INVOLVED IN CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 15

Calcitonin, parathyroid, growth and serotonin

Question 16

Parathyroid secretion ______ Ca level

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

Calcitonin secretions _____ Ca level

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

Remodellign process of bone requires

Answer 18

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 19

Replacing bone with cartilage is called

Answer 19

Endochondral ossification

Question 20

Growth of bone

Answer 20

Epiphyseal cartilage in epiphyseal plate divide creating more cartilage

Diaphyseal cartilage of episphyseal plate transformes into bone

Increase the length of the bone

Question 21

Growth continues as long as

Answer 21

The epiphyseal plate remains between the epiphyses and the diaphysis

Question 22

The epiphyseal line marks where

Answer 22

Two centers of ossification have fused together

Question 23

Bone healing is initiated by

Answer 23

Bone death

Question 24

In children impossible to detect a fracture ___ months after

Answer 24

6

Question 25

Fractures tear blood vessel that nurish the ______

Answer 25

Osteons

Question 26

Compromised bones can lead to

Answer 26

Osteoporosis Diabetes Infection Circulation issues

Question 27

A blood clot from frature bleeding is called

Answer 27

Fracture hematoma

Question 28

Fracture hematoma develops

Answer 28

Granulation tissue, contains the elements of repair

Question 29

Cell of cartilage is called

Answer 29

Chondrocyte

Question 30

Matrix of cartilage is

Answer 30

Gel like and supported by collagenous fibres

Question 31

Function of cartilage

Answer 31

Support,shock, absorber, long bone growth

Question 32

Carltilage has no ______ thus is _____

Answer 32

Blood vessels Thus is slow to repair

Question 33

3 types of cartilage

Answer 33

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 34

Hylaine cartilage 2 descriptions and 4 things it forms

Answer 34

Most common Covers surface of articulating bones Forms costal cartilage, rings of trachea and bronchi and tip of nose

Question 35

Elastic cartilage is ____ and forms what 3 things

Answer 35

Is elastic and resilient Gives form to the ear, spiglottis and eustachian/auditory tube

Question 36

Fibrocartilage i _____ and forms what 3 thigns

Answer 36

Strong and rigid Forms pubis symphisis, intervertebral discs, where large tendons join bones.

Question 37

Chondrocytes in cartilage are in

Answer 37

The lacunae

Question 38

Skeleton is fully ossified by

Answer 38

Mid 20s

Question 39

Adult skeletal tissue change occurs as a result of

Answer 39

Specific condition

Question 40

Excersis

Answer 40

Increase density and strength

Question 41

Pregnancy, nutritional deficienies and illness

Answer 41

Decrease bone density and strength

Question 42

AS THE BODY starts to degenerate

Answer 42

Hard bone replaced by softer connective Exercise can counteract degeneration