Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is a ____ that provides a _____ and ____ system as well as a _____ regulation mechanism

A

Liquid connective tissue
Pick up and delivery
Heat regulation

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2
Q

2 basic components of blood

A
Plasma = liquid component 
Formed elements (cells) = suspended in plasma
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3
Q

Plasma make up ____% of blood volume

A

55%

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4
Q

Blood plasma defined as

A

Blood minus its formed elements

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5
Q

Plasma is non _____

A

Living

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6
Q

Composition of blood plasma

A

Primarily water containing many dissolved substances (nutrients, O2,salts, hormones, waste)

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7
Q

Most abundant solutes in blood plasma are

A

Plasma proteins

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8
Q

4 types of plasma proteins

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin

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9
Q

Albumins help ____ and maintain ____

A

Thicken and maintain blood volume

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10
Q

Globulins include the antibodies that

A

Help portect against infections

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11
Q

Fibrogen and prothrombin critical for

A

Blood clotting

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12
Q

Blood serum is.

A

Blood plasma minus clotting factors (still contains antibodies)

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13
Q

Blood amount varies with

A

Size and gender

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14
Q

Average amount of blood

A

4-6L

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15
Q

Average percentage of body weight made by blood

A

7-9%

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16
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.35 -7.45

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17
Q

3 main types of formed elements

A

Redblood cells/ erythrocytes
WBC/ leukocytes
Placets or thrombocytes

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18
Q

Rank the more common elements in blood

A

RBC>PLACETS> WBC

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19
Q

Approximately 1 drop of blood =

A

1 mm^3

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20
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

The packed cell volume

Opposite of plasma

21
Q

Bufffy coat of hematocrit is

A

WBC and platelet fraction

22
Q

Normal RBC level is

23
Q

_____ levels can affect total blood volume but RBC count remains the same, thus % increases tho

24
Q

Most numerous of formed elements

25
Shape of RBC
Tiny biconcave disks
26
Shape of RBC increases
Surface are for maximum function
27
RBC has no
Nuclei or organelles
28
Primary component of RBC is
Protein hemoglobin
29
Life span of RBC
4 months
30
hemoglobin _____ and _____ between blood and cells
Transports and exchanges
31
Hemoglobin transports O2 as
Oxyhemoglobin
32
Hemoglobin transports CO2 as
Carbaminohemoglobin
33
Hemoglobin has _________ millopn molecules per RBS
200-300 million
34
Amount of hemoglobin is more in
Males
35
Structural makeup of hemoglobin
4 globulin chains; each attached to a heme group
36
Anemia
Conditions caused by an inability of the blood to carry adequate oxygen to body cells
37
Anemia can occur is there is a deficiency of:
RBCs | hemoglobin (even if there are adequate # of RBC)
38
6 types of anemia
``` Aplastic (RBC) pernicious (RBC) Folate deficiency (RBC) Blood loss or hemorrahagic (RBC) Iron deficiency (hema) Sickle cell (hema) ```
39
Aplastic anemia
Decreased numbers of RBCs (and other formed elements of the blood, e.g. WBCs and platelets) following destruction of hemopoietic elements in the bone marrow (e.g. due to toxins, certain drugs, high dose irradiation, chemotherapy) May be able to treat via bone marrow transplants
40
Pernicious
Decreased numbers of RBCs Dietary deficiency of B12 or deficiency of intrinsic factor; which leads to decreased absorption of vitamin B12 (B12 is required for RBC production) Can be fatal if not treated (one method is via intramuscular injections)
41
Folate deficiency anemia
Similar to pernicious anemia – also causes a decrease in RBCs Due to folate (folic acid) deficiency which is common among alcoholics and malnourished Treated with vitamin supplementation
42
Blood loss or hemorrhagic anemia
Decreased RBC # caused by hemorrhage
43
Iron deficiency anemia
Deficiency of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency Person will likely feel tired all the time Can be treated with supplementation
44
Sickle cell anemia
Severe and sometimes fatal genetic disease (especially if gene is inherited from both parents) Caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin that forms solid crystals when blood oxygen is low Causes RBC shape to become distorted; can no longer function properly
45
Polycythemia
Bone marrow produces too many RBCs leading to an abnormally high RBC count Blood may become too thick to flow properly Could result in stroke or heart attack
46
Formation of RBCs =
Erthropoeisis
47
Formation of RBC
Begins in red bone marrow 4 day maturation process from hemocytoblast to matured RBC RBCs are continually destroyed and therefore have to be continually replaced/reproduced at a rate of approximately 200 billion/day for the average adult! Average lifespan of a circulating RBC is 105-120 days
48
_____ maturation process from hemocytoblast to matured RBC
4 day
49
Old abnormal, brocken down RBC get
“Eaten” by macrophafes in liver and spleen in an attempt to recycle as much of the RBCs components as possible