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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is a ____ that provides a _____ and ____ system as well as a _____ regulation mechanism

A

Liquid connective tissue
Pick up and delivery
Heat regulation

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2
Q

2 basic components of blood

A 
Plasma = liquid component 
Formed elements (cells) = suspended in plasma
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3
Q

Plasma make up ____% of blood volume

A

55%

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4
Q

Blood plasma defined as

A

Blood minus its formed elements

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5
Q

Plasma is non _____

A

Living

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6
Q

Composition of blood plasma

A

Primarily water containing many dissolved substances (nutrients, O2,salts, hormones, waste)

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7
Q

Most abundant solutes in blood plasma are

A

Plasma proteins

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8
Q

4 types of plasma proteins

A

Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin

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9
Q

Albumins help ____ and maintain ____

A

Thicken and maintain blood volume

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10
Q

Globulins include the antibodies that

A

Help portect against infections

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11
Q

Fibrogen and prothrombin critical for

A

Blood clotting

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12
Q

Blood serum is.

A

Blood plasma minus clotting factors (still contains antibodies)

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13
Q

Blood amount varies with

A

Size and gender

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14
Q

Average amount of blood

A

4-6L

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15
Q

Average percentage of body weight made by blood

A

7-9%

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16
Q

Normal pH of blood

A

7.35 -7.45

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17
Q

3 main types of formed elements

A

Redblood cells/ erythrocytes
WBC/ leukocytes
Placets or thrombocytes

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18
Q

Rank the more common elements in blood

A

RBC>PLACETS> WBC

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19
Q

Approximately 1 drop of blood =

A

1 mm^3

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20
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

The packed cell volume

Opposite of plasma

21
Q

Bufffy coat of hematocrit is

A

WBC and platelet fraction

22
Q

Normal RBC level is

A

45%

23
Q

_____ levels can affect total blood volume but RBC count remains the same, thus % increases tho

A

Hydration

24
Q

Most numerous of formed elements

A

RBC

25
Q

Shape of RBC

A

Tiny biconcave disks

26
Q

Shape of RBC increases

A

Surface are for maximum function

27
Q

RBC has no

A

Nuclei or organelles

28
Q

Primary component of RBC is

A

Protein hemoglobin

29
Q

Life span of RBC

A

4 months

30
Q

hemoglobin _____ and _____ between blood and cells

A

Transports and exchanges

31
Q

Hemoglobin transports O2 as

A

Oxyhemoglobin

32
Q

Hemoglobin transports CO2 as

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

33
Q

Hemoglobin has _________ millopn molecules per RBS

A

200-300 million

34
Q

Amount of hemoglobin is more in

A

Males

35
Q

Structural makeup of hemoglobin

A

4 globulin chains; each attached to a heme group

36
Q

Anemia

A

Conditions caused by an inability of the blood to carry adequate oxygen to body cells

37
Q

Anemia can occur is there is a deficiency of:

A

RBCs

hemoglobin (even if there are adequate # of RBC)

38
Q

6 types of anemia

A 
Aplastic (RBC)
pernicious (RBC) 
Folate deficiency (RBC)
Blood loss or hemorrahagic  (RBC) 
Iron deficiency (hema)
Sickle cell (hema)
39
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Decreased numbers of RBCs (and other formed elements of the blood, e.g. WBCs and platelets) following destruction of hemopoietic elements in the bone marrow (e.g. due to toxins, certain drugs, high dose irradiation, chemotherapy)
May be able to treat via bone marrow transplants

40
Q

Pernicious

A

Decreased numbers of RBCs
Dietary deficiency of B12 or deficiency of intrinsic factor; which leads to decreased absorption of vitamin B12 (B12 is required for RBC production)
Can be fatal if not treated (one method is via intramuscular injections)

41
Q

Folate deficiency anemia

A

Similar to pernicious anemia – also causes a decrease in RBCs
Due to folate (folic acid) deficiency which is common among alcoholics and malnourished
Treated with vitamin supplementation

42
Q

Blood loss or hemorrhagic anemia

A

Decreased RBC # caused by hemorrhage

43
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Deficiency of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency
Person will likely feel tired all the time
Can be treated with supplementation

44
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Severe and sometimes fatal genetic disease (especially if gene is inherited from both parents)
Caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin that forms solid crystals when blood oxygen is low
Causes RBC shape to become distorted; can no longer function properly

45
Q

Polycythemia

A

Bone marrow produces too many RBCs leading to an abnormally high RBC count
Blood may become too thick to flow properly
Could result in stroke or heart attack

46
Q

Formation of RBCs =

A

Erthropoeisis

47
Q

Formation of RBC

A

Begins in red bone marrow
4 day maturation process from hemocytoblast to matured RBC
RBCs are continually destroyed and therefore have to be continually replaced/reproduced at a rate of approximately 200 billion/day for the average adult!
Average lifespan of a circulating RBC is 105-120 days

48
Q

_____ maturation process from hemocytoblast to matured RBC

A

4 day

49
Q

Old abnormal, brocken down RBC get

A

“Eaten” by macrophafes in liver and spleen in an attempt to recycle as much of the RBCs components as possible

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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