Chapter 6

Question 1

Explain the term “Regulation of life processes”

Answer 1

Every cell performs a function that contributes to our life and survival

Question 2

What is the component of survival of species

Answer 2

Reproduction of individual cells

Question 3

What is different about heart muscles?

Answer 3

They contain many mitochondria to supply the great amount of energy that the heart requires

Question 4

What is special about sperm cells

Answer 4

They have flagellum for motility

Question 5

What controls the movement or transportation of substances in and out of the cell

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

Examples of molecules that would pass in and out of the cell

Answer 6

Water, oxygen, nutrients gasses and waste

Question 7

What are the two methods of transportation

Answer 7

Passive and active transportation

Question 8

What 2 characteristics define passive transport

Answer 8

It does not require any energy expenditure and run by movement down a concentration gradient

Question 9

Name the 5 types of passive transport

Answer 9

1. Simple diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Dialysis
4. Facilitated diffusion
5. Filtration

Question 10

Define how molecules spread out with diffusion

Answer 10

Spread out evenly throughout available space

Question 11

DIffusion has movement of area of ______ concentration to _______ concentration

Answer 11

High, Low

Question 12

What is a solute?

Answer 12

A dissolved substance

Question 13

Where does simple diffusion occur?

Answer 13

Through a permeable phospholipid bilayer

Question 14

What does permeant molecule mean

Answer 14

Can diffusion through membrane

Question 15

What does impermeant molecule mean?

Answer 15

Can’t diffuse through a membrane

Question 16

Osmosis is a special type of ________

Answer 16

DIffusion

Question 17

What defines osmosis

Answer 17

When water can diffuse through a membrane while other solutes can not

Question 18

What allows water to be permeable?

Answer 18

Aquaporins

Question 19

What happens when water is added in a closed space?

Answer 19

Increase in pressure

Question 20

Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called________

Answer 20

Osmotic pressure

Question 21

Where does osmotic pressure develop?

Answer 21

In the solution that originally had the highest concentration of impermeant solutes

Question 22

What is hypotonic

Answer 22

Higher concentration of water outside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell

Question 23

What occurs when too much water moves into a cell

Answer 23

cytolysis also known as hemolysis for blood cell

Question 24

What is isotonic

Answer 24

Same concentration of water inside the cell as outside

Question 25

What is hypertonic

Answer 25

Higher concentration of water inside the cell resulting in water moving out

Question 26

What happens when too much water diffuses out of a cell

Answer 26

Crenation (abnormal notching of cell due to contraction/shrinking)

Question 27

What is dialysis

Answer 27

Special kind of diffusion where smaller molecules are separated from larger ones across a permeable membrane

Question 28

Where is dialysis used?

Answer 28

Used in hemodialysis to clean blood of patients with kidney failure

Question 29

What’s the difference between osmosis and dialysis

Answer 29

Diffusion of water vs solutes

Question 30

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 30

A special kind of diffusion in which movement of molecules is made more efficient by helps embedded within the cell membrane

Question 31

How does facilitated diffusion transport substances ?

Answer 31

Down concentration gradient

Question 32

What are the 2 types of facilitated diffusion

Answer 32

Channel mediated and carrier mediated

Question 33

3 characteristics of channel mediated passive transport channels

Answer 33

1. They are specific (only let certain solutes through) 2. Allow membrane to be selectively permeable 3. Channels can be closest and are activated by a variety of stimuli

Question 34

Describe carrier mediated passive transport

Answer 34

Carriers attract the solute and bind to them. The carrier than changes its shape within the membrane and release the solute on the other side

Question 35

Membrane carriers are usually _________ depending on _________

Answer 35

Reversible The direction of the concentration gradient

Question 36

What is the process of filtration

Answer 36

The forcing of water and permeable solutes through a membrane from high pressure to low pressure

Question 37

What is the force pushing on the membrane in filtration called?

Answer 37

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 38

What is an example of filtration in the body

Answer 38

Formation of urine by the kidneys

Question 39

Active transport occurs only in ______ through ________

Answer 39

Living cells Living membranes

Question 40

Movement of the substances in active transport is

Answer 40

Low to high, against concentration gradient

Question 41

Active transport requires what?

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

Types of active transport include

Answer 42

Membranes pumps and transport by vesicles

Question 43

Two types of transport by vesicles are

Answer 43

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 44

What is a membrane pump?

Answer 44

A protein complex in the cell membrane called a carrier

Question 45

How do membrane pumps work

Answer 45

They use ATP to move substances across cell membranes against their concentration gradient

Question 46

Many membrane pumps are specific to _____

Answer 46

Ions

Question 47

What is endocytosis

Answer 47

Plasma membrane traps extra cellular material and brings it into the cell

Question 48

What are the two types of endocytosis

Answer 48

Pianocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 49

What is phagocytosis

Answer 49

“Cellular eating” Large particles are engulfed by plasma membrane and enter the cell in vesicles

Question 50

Vesicles from phagocytosis fuse with _____ which _____

Answer 50

lysosomes Digest the particles

Question 51

What is pinocytosis

Answer 51

“Cellular drinking”. Fluids enter the cell

Question 52

What is receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 52

membrane receptor molecules recognize substances to be brought into the cell

Question 53

What is exocytosis

Answer 53

Intracellular material (usually proteins) are enclose in membraneous vesicles and released outside the cell

Question 54

Which organelle is most associated with exocytosis

Answer 54

Golgi aparaus

Question 55

What happens in exocytosis as the vesicles reaches the membrane?

Answer 55

The membranes fuse and the contents is released outside cell

Question 56

What 2 other uses are there for endocytosis

Answer 56

Glandular secretions and building/repairing the plasma membrane