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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds found in the body?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nuclei acids

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2
Q

What does carbohydrate stand for?

A

Carbo hydrate = sugar water

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3
Q

What makes a carb?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

What are the structural comps of a carbohydrate?

A

Six carbon sub unit called monosaccharides

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

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6
Q

What makes up sucrose?

A

Fructose and glucose

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7
Q

What makes up maltose?

A

glucose + glucose

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8
Q

What makes up lactose

A

Glucose + galactose

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9
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Complex carbohydrate that is made up of many monosaccharide units

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10
Q

What is an example of a polysaccharide?

A

Glycogen, which is made up of many glucose

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11
Q

What is the 3 functions of carbohydrates?

A
  1. Provide the body with energy
  2. Store energy in their bonds
  3. release energy when bonds are broken
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12
Q

Differentiating fats and oils

A

Fats are solid at room temp while oils are liquid at room temperature
1st

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13
Q

What are the three types of lipids

A

Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Cholesterol

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14
Q

What is the compartmental make up of the triglycerides

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid

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15
Q

Where is the energy stored in triglycerides?

A

In the bonds

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16
Q

What is the compartmental make up of the phospholipid

A

1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphorous containing group

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17
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic

A

The phosphorous containing group

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18
Q

Which part of the cell is the phospholipid important to?

A

The cell membrane

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19
Q

What is the structure of cholesterol and explain it

A

They have a steroid structure

Core is 20 carbons bonded to from 4 fused rings

20
Q

What stabilizes the phospholipid tail in cellular membranes?

A

Cholesterol

21
Q

What type of hormone can cholesterol be converted into and give examples of it

A

Steroid hormone

Example: estrogen, testosterone and cortisone

22
Q

3 major functions of lipids

A

Energy source, structural role, integral part of cell membrane

23
Q

What is the most abundant organic compound?

A

Protein

24
Q

How big are are protein molecules and what are they made up of?

A

They are large and are made up of amino acids

25
Q

How many amino acids make up the human body and how many are essential?

A

21 amino acids and 8 are essential

26
Q

What kind of bonds hold together amino acids?

A

Peptide bonds

27
Q

What major elements are proteins made up of?

A

C,H,N, O

28
Q

How is the role of a protein determined?

A

It’s shape

29
Q

What are the two categories of proteins?

A

Structural and functional

30
Q

What do structural proteins do?

A

They form the structures of the body

31
Q

Which fibrous protein hold many tissue together

A

Collagen

32
Q

Which structural form tough waterproof outer layers

A

Keratin (finger nails)

33
Q

What is the function of functional proteins?

A

They participate in the body’s chemical reactions and processes

34
Q

Which 3 chemicals reactions and processes do functional proteins participate in?

A

1Hormones
2Cell membrane channels and receptors
3Enzymes

35
Q

All reactions in the body depend on ______

A

Enzymes

36
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Chemical catalyst that help chemical reactions occur

37
Q

What is meant by the “Lock and key Model”

A

Each enzyme fits a particular molecule that it acts on, the same way a key fits ad lock

38
Q

_________ are an important part of DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic acids

39
Q

What are nucleotide units made up of?

A

Sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base

40
Q

Name the 5 types of nitrogen bases

A 
adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
cytosine (c)
Guanine (G)
41
Q

Ribose is to _____ as deoxyribose is to ________

A
  1. RNA

2. DNA

42
Q

What does DNA stand for and what is its function?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Used a ‘working code” for assembling proteins

43
Q

What do collective nucleotide units form?

A

A gene

44
Q

What does RNA stand for and what is its function?

A

Ribonucleic acid

Used as temporary working copy of gene

45
Q

Overall what is the main purpose of nuclei acid?

A

They ultimately control body structure and function

46
Q

What is the energy currency of cells and where is the energy stored?

A

ATP and in its bonds

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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