Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the 4 major groups of organic compounds found in the body?
Carbohydrates, proteins lipids and nuclei acids
What does carbohydrate stand for?
Carbo hydrate = sugar water
What makes a carb?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the structural comps of a carbohydrate?
Six carbon sub unit called monosaccharides
Name the 4 types of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
What makes up sucrose?
Fructose and glucose
What makes up maltose?
glucose + glucose
What makes up lactose
Glucose + galactose
What is a polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate that is made up of many monosaccharide units
What is an example of a polysaccharide?
Glycogen, which is made up of many glucose
What is the 3 functions of carbohydrates?
- Provide the body with energy
- Store energy in their bonds
- release energy when bonds are broken
Differentiating fats and oils
Fats are solid at room temp while oils are liquid at room temperature
1st
What are the three types of lipids
Triglyceride
Phospholipid
Cholesterol
What is the compartmental make up of the triglycerides
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid
Where is the energy stored in triglycerides?
In the bonds
What is the compartmental make up of the phospholipid
1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphorous containing group
Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic
The phosphorous containing group
Which part of the cell is the phospholipid important to?
The cell membrane
What is the structure of cholesterol and explain it
They have a steroid structure
Core is 20 carbons bonded to from 4 fused rings
What stabilizes the phospholipid tail in cellular membranes?
Cholesterol
What type of hormone can cholesterol be converted into and give examples of it
Steroid hormone
Example: estrogen, testosterone and cortisone
3 major functions of lipids
Energy source, structural role, integral part of cell membrane
What is the most abundant organic compound?
Protein
How big are are protein molecules and what are they made up of?
They are large and are made up of amino acids
