Chapter 25

Question 1

Second greatest controling system of the body

Answer 1

Endocrine system

Question 2

Performs same general functions as

Answer 2

Nervous system

Question 3

Endocrine system functions

Answer 3

Communication
Integration
Control

Question 4

Neuroendocrine system

Answer 4

Both systems working together

Question 5

;glands in the endocrine secrete _____ into ____

Answer 5

Hormones into blood

Question 6

Horomones are _______ and _________

Answer 6

Slow and long lasting

Question 7

Generally horomones are not stored in the endocrine glands T/F

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Classification of horomones by function (3)

Answer 8

Tropic
Sex
Anabolic

Question 9

Classification by chemical structure

Answer 9

Steroidal hormones (lipid or fat-soluble) 
Non-steroidal (amino acid/protein)

Question 10

Tropic hormones target ….

Answer 10

Other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

Question 11

Sex hormones target…

Answer 11

Reproductive tissue

Question 12

Anabolic hormones stimulate…

Answer 12

Anabolism in target cells

Question 13

Hormones have specific _________ that they affect

Answer 13

Target cells

Question 14

General principles of hormone action (2)

Answer 14

Hormones signal a cell by binding to the target cells specific receptors in a lock and key mechanism

Different hormone-receptor interactions produce different regulatory changes within the target cell through chemical reactions

Question 15

Types of combined hormone actions

Answer 15

Synergism
Permissiveness
Antagonism

Question 16

Synergism

Answer 16

Combinations of hormones acting together have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects they would have working alone

Question 17

Permissiveness

Answer 17

A small amount of one hormone allows a second one to have its full effects on a target cell

Question 18

Antagonism

Answer 18

One hormone produces the opposite effects of a nother hormone; used to “fine tune” the activity of target cells with great accuracy

Question 19

Steroid hormones are _____ in water and can _______ cross plasma membranes

Answer 19

Not soluble

Easily

Question 20

After a steroid hormone is in the cell, it binds to its specific receptor found in the nucleus, forming a ___________. The model of hormone action is known as __________ or _______

Answer 20

Hormone receptor complex

Mobile-receptor model or nuclear receptor model

Question 21

What happens when the hormone binds to the receptor in the nucleus

Answer 21

Protein synthesis is activated

Question 22

Steroid hormones regulate cells by regulating

Answer 22

Production of specific hormones

Question 23

Responses to steroid hormones can be ________

Answer 23

From 45 mins to several days

Question 24

Non-steroidal proteins are ______

Answer 24

Protein hormones (made from A.A.)

Question 25

Protein hormones cant penetrate the cell membrane without

Answer 25

A messenger/ carrier

Question 26

The non steroidal protein hormone is refered to at ___________, which binds in target cells membrane

Answer 26

First messenger

Question 27

The binding of first messengers in the cell membrane leads to activating _____

Answer 27

Second messenge

Question 28

What is a common second messenger

Answer 28

.. cAMP

Question 29

Second messengers do what

Answer 29

Affect the cell’s activities

Question 30

The second messenger model can also be called

Answer 30

Fixed membrane-receptor model

Question 31

Second messenger mechanisms operate _______ than primary messengers

Answer 31

Much quicker

Question 32

Oxytocin is an example of a _________ feedback system

Answer 32

Positive

Question 33

Target cells sensitivity depends on

Answer 33

Number of receptors it has for that hormone More hormones= greater effect

Question 34

The # of hormone receptors can change due to cell ____________

Answer 34

Growth/ repair

Question 35

Up regulation is

Answer 35

Receptors are synthesiszed faster than they are broken down = increased sensitivity

Question 36

Down-regulation

Answer 36

Receptors are broken down faster than they are synthesized/ replaced = decreased sensitivity

Question 37

Prostagladinds

Answer 37

Aka tissue hormones - Powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues (not typical hormones!) - Unique group of lipid/fatty-acid based hormones - Often produced in a tissue and diffuse only a short distance to act on cells in that tissue (not transported in the blood to distant tissues organs as ‘regular’ endocrine hormones are) - 9 structural classes: PGA to PGI - Influence many body functions, e.g. respiration, BP, G-I secretions, inflammation, reproduction