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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Second greatest controling system of the body

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

Performs same general functions as

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

Endocrine system functions

A

Communication
Integration
Control

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4
Q

Neuroendocrine system

A

Both systems working together

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5
Q

;glands in the endocrine secrete _____ into ____

A

Hormones into blood

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6
Q

Horomones are _______ and _________

A

Slow and long lasting

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7
Q

Generally horomones are not stored in the endocrine glands T/F

A

T

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8
Q

Classification of horomones by function (3)

A

Tropic
Sex
Anabolic

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9
Q

Classification by chemical structure

A 
Steroidal hormones (lipid or fat-soluble) 
Non-steroidal (amino acid/protein)
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10
Q

Tropic hormones target ….

A

Other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion

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11
Q

Sex hormones target…

A

Reproductive tissue

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12
Q

Anabolic hormones stimulate…

A

Anabolism in target cells

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13
Q

Hormones have specific _________ that they affect

A

Target cells

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14
Q

General principles of hormone action (2)

A

Hormones signal a cell by binding to the target cells specific receptors in a lock and key mechanism

Different hormone-receptor interactions produce different regulatory changes within the target cell through chemical reactions

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15
Q

Types of combined hormone actions

A

Synergism
Permissiveness
Antagonism

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16
Q

Synergism

A

Combinations of hormones acting together have a greater effect on a target cell than the sum of the effects they would have working alone

17
Q

Permissiveness

A

A small amount of one hormone allows a second one to have its full effects on a target cell

18
Q

Antagonism

A

One hormone produces the opposite effects of a nother hormone; used to “fine tune” the activity of target cells with great accuracy

19
Q

Steroid hormones are _____ in water and can _______ cross plasma membranes

A

Not soluble

Easily

20
Q

After a steroid hormone is in the cell, it binds to its specific receptor found in the nucleus, forming a ___________. The model of hormone action is known as __________ or _______

A

Hormone receptor complex

Mobile-receptor model or nuclear receptor model

21
Q

What happens when the hormone binds to the receptor in the nucleus

A

Protein synthesis is activated

22
Q

Steroid hormones regulate cells by regulating

A

Production of specific hormones

23
Q

Responses to steroid hormones can be ________

A

From 45 mins to several days

24
Q

Non-steroidal proteins are ______

A

Protein hormones (made from A.A.)

25
Q

Protein hormones cant penetrate the cell membrane without

A

A messenger/ carrier

26
Q

The non steroidal protein hormone is refered to at ___________, which binds in target cells membrane

A

First messenger

27
Q

The binding of first messengers in the cell membrane leads to activating _____

A

Second messenge

28
Q

What is a common second messenger

A

.. cAMP

29
Q

Second messengers do what

A

Affect the cell’s activities

30
Q

The second messenger model can also be called

A

Fixed membrane-receptor model

31
Q

Second messenger mechanisms operate _______ than primary messengers

A

Much quicker

32
Q

Oxytocin is an example of a _________ feedback system

A

Positive

33
Q

Target cells sensitivity depends on

A

Number of receptors it has for that hormone

More hormones= greater effect

34
Q

The # of hormone receptors can change due to cell ____________

A

Growth/ repair

35
Q

Up regulation is

A

Receptors are synthesiszed faster than they are broken down = increased sensitivity

36
Q

Down-regulation

A

Receptors are broken down faster than they are synthesized/ replaced = decreased sensitivity

37
Q

Prostagladinds

A

Aka tissue hormones

  • Powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues (not typical hormones!)
  • Unique group of lipid/fatty-acid based hormones
  • Often produced in a tissue and diffuse only a short distance to act on cells in that tissue (not transported in the blood to distant tissues organs as ‘regular’ endocrine hormones are)
  • 9 structural classes: PGA to PGI
  • Influence many body functions, e.g. respiration, BP, G-I secretions, inflammation, reproduction

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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