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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Human cells _____ in size and ______ in shape

A

Vary And differ

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2
Q

How many cells make up the body and how many cells types are there?

A

100 trillion cells

200 types

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3
Q

Cell size and shape is related to their ________

A

Function

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4
Q

3 main parts of the cell

A
  1. Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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5
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

Encloses cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell

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6
Q

How thin is the cell membrane

A

7nm

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7
Q

What is the make up of the plasma membrane?

A

Double phospholipid layer,

contains proteins

cholesterol forms the framework

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8
Q

What type of proteins are embed in the cell membrane?

A

Integrated membrane proteins (IMP)

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9
Q

4 functions of integral membrane proteins

A
  1. Transport
  2. Identification
  3. Signalling
  4. Connection
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10
Q

What type of IMP are involved in the identification function and identify cell as self or non-self

A

Glycoproteins

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11
Q

What is the 1 general make up of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol aka intracellular fluid

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12
Q

What organelle is a network of connecting membranous walled sacs and canals

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

Main function of the ER

A

Transport proteins through the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What are the two types of ER?

A

Smooth and rough

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15
Q

Describe the rough ER in relation to ribosomes

A

Ribosomes attach to the rough ER during protein synthesis

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16
Q

5 functions of smooth ER

A
  1. Protein transportation & packaging
  2. Lipid synthesis
  3. Carbohydrate synthesis
  4. Produces membranes for cell
  5. Removes and stores calcium from inside the cell
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17
Q

True or false,

Ribosomes are attached to smooth ER

A

False

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18
Q

Do ribosomes have membranes?

A

No

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19
Q

Ribosomes can be described as…

A

Protein factories

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20
Q

Ribosomes are made up of large and small subunit of _____ and ______

A
  • rRNA and protein
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21
Q

Where do Ribosomes exists?

A

Either attach to ER or free in cytoplasm

22
Q

What is the difference in function of ribosome attached to ER vs free standing

A

ER makes proteins for outside the cell or in membrane , free make them for inside the cell

23
Q

Golgi apparatus has a membrane Y/N

24
Q

Describe the shape of golgi aparatus

A

Flattened sacs that are stacked

25
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
Receive and process proteins from ER, package them and then send to the membrane
26
How many membranes does the mitochondria have?
2. Inner and outer
27
Why does each mitochondria contain 1 DNA molecule?
Allows it to produce its enzymes and replicate its self
28
Centrioles are _____ organelles
Paired
29
What is the orientation of the parked centrioles
Lie at right angle to each other
30
What do centrioles have an important role in?
Cell production and replication
31
What is the function of the cytoskeleton
Supporting framework of the cell and allows movement of the cell or parts of it
32
Name the three types of cell extensions
Cilia, flagellum and Microvilli
33
What is the appearance of cilia
Fine hair like extensions
34
Where do Cilia occur?
On free exposed surfaces of some cells
35
How do cilia move?
In a wave like fashion to project the cell or other substances such as mucous
36
What is the Flagellum
Single projection extending from cell surface, looks like a tail
37
Where are microvilli found?
They cover epithelial cells where absorption is important. (Small intestines )
38
What 3 things do microvilli do?
1. Increase surface area 2. Provide structure 3. Provide movement
39
What does the nucleus do?
Controls cell and every organelle in cytoplasm. Also controls cell reproduction.
40
What are the 3 types of direct cell connections
1. Desmosomes 2. gap junctions 3. Tight junctions
41
Describe gap junctions
Membrane channels of adjacent cells connect to each other
42
Describe tight junctions
Hold sheets of cells together to decrease permeability
43
What is the function of cell connections
Hold each other together and some facilitate communication
44
2 component structures of the nucleus
Nuclear membrane and the nucleolus
45
What are the 2 layers of the nuclear membrane?
Nuclear pores and nucleoplasm
46
Organelles means?
tiny organs
47
The whole ribosome is actually a _________
Enzyme
48
Proteins produced by the cell are usually made to be __________
Enzymes
49
Can you have genetic problems in mitochondria?
Yes because it has DNA
50
Flagellum are much _____ than cilia
Larger
51
Where are chromatin granules
In non dividing cells nucleus

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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