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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

2/3 of heart lies to ____, 1/3 lies to ______

A

Left of body midline

Right

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2
Q

Apex of heart lies on ___

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

Base of heart lies just below

A

2nd rib

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4
Q

Heart lies between

A

Body of sternum and the thoracic vertebrae, positioning makes cpr possible

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5
Q

Heart is _____ shape and shape can very wiht shape of ____

___- sized

A

Triangular

Shape of chest

Fist sized

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6
Q

Sac covering heart

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

2 parts of pericardium

A

Fibrous portion, serous portion

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8
Q

Fibrous portion is

A

Tough, loose-fitting inextensible sac

Attaches to the large blood vessels that leave the top of the heart

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9
Q

Serous portion has what two parts

A

Parietal (inside) and visceral (aka epicardium) (outside)

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10
Q

Pericardial fluid does what

A

Lubricates and decreases friction

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11
Q

Epicaridum

A

Visceral layer of the serous portion of the pericardium

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12
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle tissue that makes ip the bulk of the heart wall/wall of each heart chamber

Recall intercalated discs -> functional units called syncitum

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13
Q

Endocaridum

A

Thin layer of very smooth tissue (endothelial tissue) that lines the inside of each heart chamber as well as the blood vessels

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14
Q

Atrium chambers divided by

A

Interatrial septum

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15
Q

Atrium can be considered

A

Right and left receiving chambers

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16
Q

Atrium have _____ and _____ walls compared to ventricles

A

Smaller and thinner

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17
Q

Ventricles seperates by

A

Interventricular septum

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18
Q

Ventricles are the _____ or ____ chambers

A

Discharging or pumping

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19
Q

Blood leaves the heart through the ventricles via the

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Left ventricle myocardium is ______ than the left

A

Thicker

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21
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of heart

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22
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the herat

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23
Q

Direction of blood is controlled by

A

Valves

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24
Q

4 valves of the heart

A 
2 atrioventricular (AV)
2 semilunar valves (SL)
25
The 2 type of AV valves
Tricuspid (right side) Bicuspid or mital valve (left side)
26
Cordae teninae
Attach AV valves to wall of the heart
27
Two types of semilunar valves
Pulmonary SL valve Aortic sl valve
28
Pulmonary SL valve
At enterance of the pulmonary artery/trunk Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
29
Aortic SL vlave
At entrance of the aorta Between left ventricle and aorta
30
Two seperate pumps of the heart
With each heart beat, the LA and RA contract simultaneously to fill the LV and RV with blood = atrial systole Next, the LV and RV contract simultaneously = ventricular systole
31
Blood flow through the heart
``` Venous blood  RA (through sup. & inf. vena cavae)  tricuspid AV valve into RV  through pulmonary SL valve  pulmonary artery (branches into right and left)  lungs  Pulmonary veins  LA  bicuspid/mitral AV valve  LV  aortic SL valve  aorta  arterial blood distributed throughout body ```
32
Oxygen and nutrients flow to the heart throug hthe
Coronary arteries
33
Most abundant blood supply goes to the
Myocardium of left ventricle
34
Coronary veins return blood to
The right atrium
35
Blockage of blood flow through the coronary arteries is called
Myocardial infarction (MI) Or Heart attack
36
Angina pectoris
Chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the heart
37
Coronary bypass surgery
Veins from other parts of the body are used to bypass blockages in coronary arteries
38
Myocardium is autoryhmic meaning
It can produce its own action potentials
39
Specialized network of fibres that can rapidly conduct impulses
Conduction system of heart
40
Changes in rhythm of myocardial contraction is controlled via
Motor neuron pathways of both efferent divisions of the ANS
41
4 specialized structures of the heart other intercalated disks
Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node AV bundle (bundle of His) Subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)
42
Sinoatrial node
the pacemaker Initiates impulse/heartbeat and sets its pace located in the wall of the RA near the opening of the superior vena cava
43
Atrioventricular AV node located in
Located in the RA along the lower part of the interatrial septum
44
AV bundle (bundle of his) located where
Located in the septum of the ventricle
45
Purkinje fibers located in
Located in the walls of the ventricles
46
Electrical impulses of the heart’s conduction system can be recorded as
Electrocardiogram
47
P wave represents
Depolarization of the atria (triggers contraction)
48
QRS complex represents
Depolarization of the ventricles
49
T wave represents
Repolarization of the ventricles (just before relaxation phase)
50
No visible recoring of
Repolarization of the atria (overshadowed by large QRS complex)
51
Damage to heart muscle/ cvd will change
Ecg
52
Each complete heartbeat is called
Cardiac cycle
53
Each cycle (beat is aprox _____ sec long
0.8
54
Average heart beat _____ beats/ minute
72
55
Lub= Dub=
Systole Diastole
56
Stroke volume
Amount of blood that one ventricle ejects with each beat
57
Cardiac output
Volume of blood that flows out of ventricle per unit of time
58
Phases of the cardiac cycle
Atrial Systole Atria contract  pressure gradient blood flows in to relaxed ventricles Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction Intraventricular pressure begins to increase  AV-valves close first heart sound Ejection SL-valves open  blood leaves heart Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation Ventricles begin to relax  SL-valves close, AV-valves open  second heard sound Passive Ventricular Filling Intraventricular pressure drops; intraatrial pressure rises AV-valves open  blood enters ventricles
59
Two distinct heart sounds in every heartbeat or cycle: “lub-dup” that provide clinical significance re: the heart valves
First (lub) and longer sound (systolic): caused primarily by the contraction of the ventricles and the vibrations of the closing AV valves Second (dup) and shorter sound (diastolic): caused by the vibrations of the closing semilunar valves during relaxation of the ventricles

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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