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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemorecpetors are called

A

Olfactory receptors

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2
Q

Olfactory receptors are located in

A

Small are of epithelial tissure in upper part of nasal cavity

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3
Q

What are located on olfactory neurons that are able to sense differnt chemicals

A

Specialized Cilia

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4
Q

Sense of smell is

A

Olfaction

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5
Q

__________ generates a nerve impulse that travels through the olfactory nerves

A

The chemical message

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6
Q

The nerve impulse enters the ______ fir relay to the olfactory centres in the cortex for interpretation

A

Thalamus

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7
Q

Olfactory sensors are extremely _____ and easily ______

A

Sensitive and

Fatigued

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8
Q

Taste receptors are ________ called ______

A

Chemoreceptors called gustatory cells

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9
Q

Taste receptors are located in

A

Taste buds

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10
Q

Gustatory cells are stimulated by

A

Chemicals dissolved in salivca

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11
Q

All taste buds have similar _____

A

Structure

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12
Q

Each taste bud responds to _________ taste sensations

A

One of five primary taste sensations

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13
Q

______ and _______ differ for each of the primary taste sensations

A

Adaptation and sensitivity

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14
Q

________ interferes w stimulation of olfactory recpetors

A

Nasal congestion

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15
Q

_____ and ______ senses work together

A

Gustatory and olfactory

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16
Q

facial and glossopharyngeal nerves carry impulses to ___ , ____ and ____

A

Medulla, thalamus and gustatory area of the cerebral cortex in the parietal lobe of the brain

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17
Q

The ear is responsible for

A

Hearing, equilibrium and balance

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18
Q

Receptors of the ear are

A

Mechanoreceptors

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19
Q

Three divisions of the ear

A

External, middle, inner

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20
Q

Divisions of the external ear

A

Auricle or pinna (visible portion)

External acoustic meatus (external auditory canal)

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21
Q

The external acoustic meatus ends at the _______ and contains +___________

A

Tympanic membrane

Contains ceruminous glands

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22
Q

The middle ear is

A

Tiny, epithelium lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone

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23
Q

Middle ear contains what three auditory ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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24
Q

Malleus is attached to

A

Inner surface of the tympanic membrane

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25
Q

Incus is attached to

A

The malleus and stapes

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26
Q

Stapes is attached to

A

Incus

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27
Q

Stapes fits into the ____

A

Oval window

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28
Q

The oval window is an _____

A

Opening into the inner ear

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29
Q

The auditory (eustachian) tube connects _______ to _______

A

Middle ear to the throat

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30
Q

Otitis media

A

Middle ear infection

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31
Q

What is the round window

A

Opening into the inner ear (covered by membrane)

32
Q

THE INNER ear contains a ________ which surrounds a _______

A

Bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrunth

33
Q

The bony labyrinth consists of what three structures

A

The vestibule and semicircular canals (balance)

Cochlea (involved with hearing)

34
Q

The membranous labyrinth is ________ the bony labyrinth

A

Inside

35
Q

The membranous labyrinth has what two membraneous sacs

A

Utricle and saccule

36
Q

Two fluids of inner ear

A

Perilymph

Endolymph

37
Q

Perilymph

A

Similar to CSF

Found within the bony labyrinth

Fills the space between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth

38
Q

Endolymph

A

Inside membranous labyrinth

Clear potassium rich

39
Q

Cochlear duct

A

Triangular shaped filled with endolymph

Lies within the cochlea

Divides the cochlea into the upper and lower section that are filled with perilymph

Contains the organ of corti

40
Q

The hairs on organs of corti respond when

A

Bent by movement of surrounding endolymph set in motion by sound waves

41
Q

Sense of hearing created by

A

Vibrations

42
Q

Ability to hear sound depends on

A

Volume, putch and other acoustic properties

43
Q

Sound wave must be of sufficient amplitude to move _______

And must have frequency capable of stimulating hair cells in _____

A

Tympanic membrane

Organ of corti

44
Q

Pathway of sound waves is

A

External auditory canal  tympanic membrane  Tympanic vibrations move the malleus, which in turn moves the incus and then the stapes stapes moves against the oval window initiates the fluid conduction of sound waves in perilymphtransmitted through structures containing endolymph all the way to the organ of Corti cochlear nervebrainstem thalamus  auditory area of the temporal lobe

45
Q

the ________ is the only part of the inner ear involved with hearing

A

Cochlea

46
Q

The _______ and ________ make up the vestibule and play an important role in equilibrium and balance and are called _________

A

Utricle and saccule

Otolith organs

47
Q

The utricle and saccule are oriented ______ to each other and each contain a _______

A

Right angles

Macula

48
Q

Maculae contain

A

Receptor hair cells covered by a gelatinous membrane that contain particle of calcium carbonate called otoliths

49
Q

Movement of head causes

A

Otoliths to move, stimulating the vestibular nerve

50
Q

The __________ is also involved with balance

A

Crista ampullaris

51
Q

Cirsta ampullaris is located in the

A

Semicircular canals

52
Q

Eahc crista is covered with hair cells called ____

A

Cupula

53
Q

Movement of cupula stimulates

A

The vestibular nerve

54
Q

What organ deals with static eq

A

Vestibule

55
Q

Static eq relates to

A

Head position

Maintaining stability and possture when body isnt moving

56
Q

Dynamic eq organ

A

Semicircular canals (crista ampullaris)

57
Q

Dynamic eq interprets

A

Balance when moving

58
Q

3 layers of eyeball

A

Sclera
Choroid
Retina

59
Q

Sclera

A

Tough outer coat
White of eye
Cornea is transparent part of sclera over iris

60
Q

Choroid

A

Pigmented vascular layer prevents scattering of light

Front part made of ciliart muscle and iris

61
Q

Iris

A

Coloured part of the eye

62
Q

Pupil

A

Hole in the center of the iris contraction

63
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer of the eye

Contains rods and cones

64
Q

Rods

A

Receptors for night vision

65
Q

Cones

A

Receptors for day and colour

66
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane covering the front surface of the sclera and lining the eyelid

67
Q

Conjunctiva kept most by tear found in

A

Lacrimal gland

68
Q

Lens is what, and focus light rays on what

A

Transparent body behind the pupil, focuses light rays on the retina

69
Q

2 eye fluids

A

Aqueous humor

Vitreous humor

70
Q

Aqueous humor is where

A

In anterior chamber in front of the lens

71
Q

Vitreous humor is where

A

Posterior chamber behind the lens

72
Q

Visual pathway

A

Innermost later of retina, contains rods and cones

Impulse travels from the rods and cones through the bipolar and ganglionic layers of retina

Nerve impulses leaves the eye throught the optic nerve

73
Q

Optic nerves is free of recpetors causing

A

Blind spot

74
Q

Visual interpretation occurs in the

A

Visual cortex of the cerebrum

75
Q

_____ and ________ are critical in vision

A

Size of pupil, shape of eye and lens

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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