Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is also known as

A

Cutaneous membrane or integument.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two primary layer of skin

And the supporting layer

A

Epidermis and dermis

Supporting layer is hypodermics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is thin skin And describe it

A

Covers most of body
1-3 mm thick
Smooth and has hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is thick skin and describe it

A

Soles and palms

4-5 mm thick

Ridged no hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The epidermis is

A

The outermost and thinnest primary layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epidermis is composed of these 4 cells

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, epidermal dendritic cellsm tactile epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of keratinocytes and % of the epidermis

A

90% of cells

Waterproof the outer skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Melanocytes percentage of epidermis and function

A

5%

Are pigment producing and filter the UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epidermal dendritic cell function

A

Play a role in immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tactile epithelial cell function

A

Sensory role in light touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 epidermis cell layers from superficial to deep

A 
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
Stratum Lucidum (clear layer) 
Stratum granulosum (granular layer)
Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) 
Stratum basale/germinativum (base layer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stratum corneum layer made of

A

Dead cells filled with keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the stratum lucidum layer made of

A

Cells filled with keratin precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the stratum granulosum contain

A

Cells with high level of lysosomal enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the stratum spinosum contain

A

Cells rich in RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the stratum basale/ germinativum contain

A

Cells undergoing mitosis that will travel to skin surface over 35 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell with specialized protective function

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the dermoepidermal junction

A

Specialized are between epidermis and dermis

Like a layer of glue holding layers together

Blisters are caused by breakdown of this junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe 4 things about the dermis

A

Deeper and thicker than epidermis

Composed largely of connective tissue—> gives skin its strength

Cells are scattered further apart than epidermis and there are many fibres in between cells

Contains nerve endings, muscle fibers, hair follicles, sweat and subaceous glands, and rich vascular supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer (superficial) and reticular layer (deep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 features of papillary (superficial) layer

A
  • parallel rows of dermal papillae
  • help bind dermis to epidermis
  • basis of fingerprinting
  • improves our grip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2 features of reticular layer (deeper)

A
  • network of collagenous and stretchable fibres

- number of elastic fibers decreases with age which contributes to wrinkles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe dermis growth and repair

A

Does not continually shed and regenerate itself as the epidermis does

Fibroblasts begin forming dense mass during heal wounding. If normal tissue doesn’t replace it it turns to scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are clevage lines in dermis repair

A

Patterns formed by the collagenous fibers of the reticular layer of the dermis playing a role in incision healing and stretch marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The hypodermics layer is also known as the
Subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia
26
Where is the hypodermics located
Under the dermis
27
What type of tissue is the hypodermics and what type of connection does it form?
Loose connective tissue Forms connection between skin and other structures
28
Hypodermics is made primarily of____ and this provide what 3 functions
Primarily fat 1. Insulation of heat 2. Alternative energy 3 protective cushion
29
Where is skin pigment produced and by what?
Produced in stratum basale/germinativum and by cells called melanocytes
30
What is pigment called and what is its primary function
Melanin Absorb harmful UV radiation from sunlight to prevent sunburn
31
What is no melanin called
Albinism
32
7 functions of skin
``` Protection Sensation Flexibility Excretion Hormone (vitamin d) prod Immunity Temp regulation ```
33
4 descriptions of protection function of skin
- physical barrier to microorganisms (keratin) - barrier to chemical hazards (keratin) - prevents dehydration (keratin) - protects against excess UV exposure (melanin function)
34
2 descriptions of sensation of skin
Skin acts as a sophisticated sense organ Somatic sensory receptors detect stimuli that permit us to detect pressure, touch, temperature, pain and other general senses
35
Meissners corpuscles detect
Light touch
36
Pacinian corpuscles detect
Pressur
37
3 descriptions of temp regulation of skin
- heat production from muscles - 80% of heat loss through skin, 20% through mucousa - Evapouration at high temperature
38
Two types of heat loss by skin
Sweat - evapouration Blood flow to skin - radiation
39
4 accessory organs of the skin
Hair nails, skin, receptor
40
Hair growth requires ____
An epidermal tube like structure called a hair follicle
41
Hair follicle is developed by
Epidermal cells growing down into dermal layer
42
Describe hair papilla
- where hair growth begins | - cup shaped cluster of cells at base of follicle
43
________ lies hidden in the follicle
Hair root
44
Visible part of the hair is called
The shaft
45
Most hair is ____
Invisible
46
What three body regions are hairless
Lips, palms and soles
47
Contractions of what cause goosebumps
Arrest or pili
48
Nails are produced by....
Epidermal cells over ends of fingers and toes
49
Visible part of nail is called
Nail body
50
Root of the nail is hidden by the...
Cuticle
51
Crescent shaped area nearest the root is called
Lunula
52
Krause end bulbs are
Skin receptors that fell low frequency vibration and fine touch
53
Free nerve endings feel...
Pain
54
Two categories if skin glands
Sudoriferous and sebaceous
55
3 types of sudoriferous glands
Eccrine and apocrine and crumious
56
3 fasts of eccrine
Most numerous, important and widespread sweat glands Produce sweat, eliminated through pores Assist in body heat regulation
57
3 apocrine facts
Mostly in armpit and around genitalia Secretion is thicker/ milky (odor caused by bacterial breakdown) Include ceremonious glands (make ear wax)
58
3 facts of crumious glands
Specialized sweat gland Located in the ear Make ear wax by mixing their secretions with sebum to protect skin of ear canal from dehydration
59
5 facts of sebaceous glands (oil)
Grow where hair grows Secrete oil, or sebum, for hair and skin (ducts open into hair follicles) Level of secretion increase during adolescence Amount of secretion is regulated by sex hormone Sebum in sebaceous gland ducts may darken to form black head
60
Skin cancer may be ____ or ___ and is _____
Genetic or environmental caused and is most common form of cancer
61
3 common types of cancer and what percentage of cancer do they account for
1. Squamous cell carcinoma\ 2. Basal cell carcinoma 3. Malignant melanoma 95% of cancers
62
4 characteristics f squamous cell carcinoma
Slow growing Malignant tumour of epidermis First appear as hard raised nodules If left untreated, will grow and metastasize
63
5 facts of basal cell carcinoma
1. Most common type of skin cancer 2. Usually on upper face 3. Least likely to metastasize 4. Small raised lesion 5. Erodes in the centre forming a bleeding crater
64
4 facts of malignant melanoma
Most serious form of skin cancer Can develop from a benign pigment mole Develops into a dark spreading cancerous lesion Risk is significantly higher if two blistering sunburns before the age of 2o
65
Waning signs of melanoma
``` A- asymmetry B- border (irregular C- colour (unevenness) D- diameter (more than 6 mm) E- evolving (any changes) ```
66
4 Causes of burn are
Sunburn, chemicals, electricity and friction
67
Recovery from burn depending on
Total area involved and severity or depth of burn
68
Body burn surface Is estimated by
Rule of 9 11 areas 1% at genetials 18 % for trunk` 9 % for legs each side x2 4.5% for arms each side x2 4.5 for head each side

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions