Chapter 21/ couple 22

Question 1

Sensory organs (4)

Answer 1

Eyes
Ears
Specialized sensory organs
Free nerve endings

Question 2

Amount of Peripheral cranial nerves

Answer 2

12

Question 3

Amount of peripheral spinal nerves

Answer 3

31

Question 4

Function of spinal nerves in PNS

Answer 4

Conduct impulses between the spinal cord and the other parts of the body not supplied by cranial nerves (e.g. all parts of the body except the head)

Contain sensory and motor fibres

Conduct impulses necessary for sensations and voluntary movements

Question 5

Spinal nerves exit spinal cord and branch to form______

Answer 5

Many peripheral nerves of the bodys trunk and limbs

Question 6

The nerve exits _____ to its numbered vertebra

Answer 6

Superior

Question 7

Spinal nerves are identified by ___ nad ____

Answer 7

Letter and number

Question 8

Thoracic nerves exit horizontally through

Answer 8

Intervertebral formina

Question 9

_____, ____ and _______ nerve roots descend from point of origin to the lower end of the spina cord before reaching the ___________ of the respective vertebrae, through which the nerves emerge

Answer 9

Lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Invertebral foramina

Question 10

Cauda equina describes what

Answer 10

The appearanve of the lower end of the spinal cord and its spinal nerves as a horses tail

Question 11

Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord via what two roots

Answer 11

Dorsal and ventral

Question 12

Corsal root contains

Answer 12

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 13

Ramus of spinal nerve

Answer 13

One of several large branches formed after each spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cavity

Dorsal ramus and ventral ramus ( ventral is more complex)

Question 14

Spinal nerve plexus

Answer 14

Complex networks formed by the ventral rami of most spinal nerves (except T2 to T12)

Subdivide and join to form a single peripheral nerve that contains all the fibers that innervate a particular region of the body

Question 15

4 major pairs of plexuses

Answer 15

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral and coccygeal

Question 16

Where and whast do servical plexus do

Answer 16

Located deep within neck

Innervated lower muscles and skin within the neck, upper shoulders and part of head

Question 17

Brachial plexus location and function

Answer 17

Located deep within shoulder

Innervated lower part of shoulder and entire arm

Question 18

Lumbar plexus

Answer 18

Located in lower back in psoas muscle

Supplies thigh and leg

Question 19

Sacral and coccygeal plexuses

Answer 19

Supplies most of the skin of the leg as well as leg and foot

Sciatica

Question 20

What is dermatome

Answer 20

A specific area of skin surface supplied by sensory fibres of a single spinal nerve

Question 21

Myotome

Answer 21

A skeletal muscle or muscles supplied by motor fibres of a given spinal nerve

Question 22

There are ____ cranial nerves that attach to ______

Answer 22

12 pairs

Connect to the brain (mostly on the brainstem)

Question 23

Function of cranial nerves

Answer 23

Conduct impulses between the brain and structures in the head and structures in the head and neck and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 24

Olfactory

Answer 24

Sense of smell (1)

Question 25

Optic

Answer 25

Vision (2)

Question 26

Oculomotor

Answer 26

Eye (3)

Question 27

Trochlear

Answer 27

Eye muscles/ moves eyes (4)

Question 28

Trigeminal

Answer 28

sensation of teeth face, scalp and chewing muscles (5)

Question 29

Abducens

Answer 29

Eye muscles/ moves eye (6)

Question 30

Facial

Answer 30

Face, salivary, taste (7)

Question 31

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

Answer 31

Hearing and sense of balance/ equilibrium

Question 32

Glossopharyngeal

Answer 32

Taste, swallowing, saliva, throat sensations (9)

Question 33

Vagus

Answer 33

Numerous functions, ex. Heart rate, breathing, digestion

Question 34

Accessory

Answer 34

Neck/ shoulder muscles (11)

Question 35

Hypoglossal

Answer 35

Moves tongue (12)

Question 36

Reflex is

Answer 36

An action that results from a nerve impulse passing over a reflex arc

Question 37

Crania, reflex

Answer 37

Center of reflex arc is in the brain

Question 38

Spinal reflex

Answer 38

Center of reflex arc is in the spinal cord

Question 39

Somatic reflex clinical important

Answer 39

Reflex testing to see everything is all working Knee jerk (patellar) reflex

Question 40

ANS

Answer 40

Contains afferent/sensory and efferent/motor divisions Carries nerve impulses to and from autonomic receptors (cardiac & smooth muscle; glands; adipose and other tissues) Major function is to regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretions, and metabolic functions to maintain homeostatic balance and react to threats to that balance

Question 41

Each ANS pathway is made up of

Answer 41

autonomic nerves, ganglia, and plexuses, which are made of efferent autonomic neurons

Question 42

All ans neuron functions are in _____ and are called

Answer 42

Reflex arcs and are called autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes

Question 43

Efferent autonomic regulation in the ans depnds on

Answer 43

Feedback from sensory receptors

Question 44

Efferent neurons conduct _____

Answer 44

Info/impulses from CNS to autonomic effectors

Question 45

Two types of efferent neurons

Answer 45

Preganglionic and postganglionic

Question 46

Preganglionic neurons conduct -_______

Answer 46

Impulses from CNS to an autonomic ganglia where it synapses with postganglionic neurons

Question 47

Postganglionic neurons will conduct impulses to ____

Answer 47

Visceral effectors

Question 48

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons have dendrites and cell bodies

Answer 48

sympathetic ganglia, | most of which are located in the front and on each side of the spinal column

Question 49

The sympathetic ganglia are strung along the nerve fibres like beads called

Answer 49

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 50

Each chain runs from _____ to______

Answer 50

C2 to coccyx

Question 51

There are usually ______ chains on each side of the vertebral column

Answer 51

22

Question 52

Sympathetic NS is also called

Answer 52

Thoracolumbar system

Question 53

________________ neurons have dendrite and cell bodies in the lateral gray horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Answer 53

Sympathetic preganglion

Question 54

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, preganglionic neurons may:

Answer 54

1. Synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron 2. Send ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia 3. Pass through one or more chain ganglia without synapsing

Question 55

As there are many postganglionic neurons involved, sympathetic responses are usually ________, involving many ________

Answer 55

Widespread Visceral effectors/ organs