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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 21/ couple 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 21/ couple 22 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory organs (4)

A

Eyes
Ears
Specialized sensory organs
Free nerve endings

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2
Q

Amount of Peripheral cranial nerves

A

12

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3
Q

Amount of peripheral spinal nerves

A

31

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4
Q

Function of spinal nerves in PNS

A

Conduct impulses between the spinal cord and the other parts of the body not supplied by cranial nerves (e.g. all parts of the body except the head)

Contain sensory and motor fibres

Conduct impulses necessary for sensations and voluntary movements

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5
Q

Spinal nerves exit spinal cord and branch to form______

A

Many peripheral nerves of the bodys trunk and limbs

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6
Q

The nerve exits _____ to its numbered vertebra

A

Superior

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7
Q

Spinal nerves are identified by ___ nad ____

A

Letter and number

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8
Q

Thoracic nerves exit horizontally through

A

Intervertebral formina

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9
Q

_____, ____ and _______ nerve roots descend from point of origin to the lower end of the spina cord before reaching the ___________ of the respective vertebrae, through which the nerves emerge

A

Lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Invertebral foramina

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10
Q

Cauda equina describes what

A

The appearanve of the lower end of the spinal cord and its spinal nerves as a horses tail

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11
Q

Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord via what two roots

A

Dorsal and ventral

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12
Q

Corsal root contains

A

Dorsal root ganglia

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13
Q

Ramus of spinal nerve

A

One of several large branches formed after each spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cavity

Dorsal ramus and ventral ramus ( ventral is more complex)

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14
Q

Spinal nerve plexus

A

Complex networks formed by the ventral rami of most spinal nerves (except T2 to T12)

Subdivide and join to form a single peripheral nerve that contains all the fibers that innervate a particular region of the body

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15
Q

4 major pairs of plexuses

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral and coccygeal

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16
Q

Where and whast do servical plexus do

A

Located deep within neck

Innervated lower muscles and skin within the neck, upper shoulders and part of head

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17
Q

Brachial plexus location and function

A

Located deep within shoulder

Innervated lower part of shoulder and entire arm

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18
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Located in lower back in psoas muscle

Supplies thigh and leg

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19
Q

Sacral and coccygeal plexuses

A

Supplies most of the skin of the leg as well as leg and foot

Sciatica

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20
Q

What is dermatome

A

A specific area of skin surface supplied by sensory fibres of a single spinal nerve

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21
Q

Myotome

A

A skeletal muscle or muscles supplied by motor fibres of a given spinal nerve

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22
Q

There are ____ cranial nerves that attach to ______

A

12 pairs

Connect to the brain (mostly on the brainstem)

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23
Q

Function of cranial nerves

A

Conduct impulses between the brain and structures in the head and structures in the head and neck and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

24
Q

Olfactory

A

Sense of smell (1)

25
Q

Optic

A

Vision (2)

26
Q

Oculomotor

A

Eye (3)

27
Q

Trochlear

A

Eye muscles/ moves eyes (4)

28
Q

Trigeminal

A

sensation of teeth face, scalp and chewing muscles (5)

29
Q

Abducens

A

Eye muscles/ moves eye (6)

30
Q

Facial

A

Face, salivary, taste (7)

31
Q

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

A

Hearing and sense of balance/ equilibrium

32
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

Taste, swallowing, saliva, throat sensations (9)

33
Q

Vagus

A

Numerous functions, ex. Heart rate, breathing, digestion

34
Q

Accessory

A

Neck/ shoulder muscles (11)

35
Q

Hypoglossal

A

Moves tongue (12)

36
Q

Reflex is

A

An action that results from a nerve impulse passing over a reflex arc

37
Q

Crania, reflex

A

Center of reflex arc is in the brain

38
Q

Spinal reflex

A

Center of reflex arc is in the spinal cord

39
Q

Somatic reflex clinical important

A

Reflex testing to see everything is all working

Knee jerk (patellar) reflex

40
Q

ANS

A

Contains afferent/sensory and efferent/motor divisions

Carries nerve impulses to and from autonomic receptors (cardiac & smooth muscle; glands; adipose and other tissues)

Major function is to regulate heartbeat, smooth muscle contraction, glandular secretions, and metabolic functions to maintain homeostatic balance and react to threats to that balance

41
Q

Each ANS pathway is made up of

A

autonomic nerves, ganglia, and plexuses, which are made of efferent autonomic neurons

42
Q

All ans neuron functions are in _____ and are called

A

Reflex arcs and are called autonomic reflexes or visceral reflexes

43
Q

Efferent autonomic regulation in the ans depnds on

A

Feedback from sensory receptors

44
Q

Efferent neurons conduct _____

A

Info/impulses from CNS to autonomic effectors

45
Q

Two types of efferent neurons

A

Preganglionic and postganglionic

46
Q

Preganglionic neurons conduct -_______

A

Impulses from CNS to an autonomic ganglia where it synapses with postganglionic neurons

47
Q

Postganglionic neurons will conduct impulses to ____

A

Visceral effectors

48
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons have dendrites and cell bodies

A

sympathetic ganglia,

most of which are located in the front and on each side of the spinal column

49
Q

The sympathetic ganglia are strung along the nerve fibres like beads called

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

50
Q

Each chain runs from _____ to______

A

C2 to coccyx

51
Q

There are usually ______ chains on each side of the vertebral column

A

22

52
Q

Sympathetic NS is also called

A

Thoracolumbar system

53
Q

________________ neurons have dendrite and cell bodies in the lateral gray horns of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord

A

Sympathetic preganglion

54
Q

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, preganglionic neurons may:

A
  1. Synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron
  2. Send ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia
  3. Pass through one or more chain ganglia without synapsing
55
Q

As there are many postganglionic neurons involved, sympathetic responses are usually ________, involving many ________

A

Widespread

Visceral effectors/ organs

Anatomy And Physiology (45 decks)

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