CARDIOVASCULAR: SYSTEM and A&P

Question 1

3 layers of the Heart Wall

Answer 1

1. Epicardium
2 Myocardium (muscle fibers)
3. Endocardium

Question 2

Membranous sac that surrounds the heart

Answer 2

pericardium

Question 3

The pericardial space contains ___ mL of fluid

Answer 3

5 - 20 mL

Question 4

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 4

1. Rt Atrium
2. Rt Ventricle
3. Lt Atrium
4. Rt Ventricle

Question 5

PMI

Answer 5

Point of Maximal Impulse

Question 6

“Pacemaker” of the heart

Answer 6

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

Question 7

SA Node is located in the __

Answer 7

Rt Atrium

Question 8

Relays impulse from the SA Node to the Bundle of His

Answer 8

Atrioventricular Node (AV)

Question 9

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract and force blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries; recorded as the top number in BP reading

Answer 9

systole

Question 10

Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart muscle relaxes between contractions; the two ventricles are dilated by blood flowing through them

Answer 10

diastole

Question 11

The heart pumps out about __ of blood every minute

Answer 11

5L

Question 12

Ejection Fraction (increases/decreases) with heart failure

Answer 12

decreases

tissue perfusion diminishes

Question 13

Decreased ejection fraction causes back up of blood into the __ __.

Answer 13

pulmonary vessels

Question 14

Too much blood and increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels can cause __ __.

Answer 14

pulmonary edema

Question 15

Small veins

Answer 15

venules

Question 16

Small arteries

Answer 16

arterioles

Question 17

Largest artery in the body

Answer 17

Aorta

Question 18

Largest veins in the body

Answer 18

Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

Question 19

3 layers of tissue that make up the artery wall

Answer 19

1. Tunica Adventitia
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Intima

Question 20

The difference between the SBP and the DBP is called __

Answer 20

pulse pressure

Question 21

Increase in volume of fluid in the vessels > Increase in pressure = heart must work harder to pump

Question 22

Systolic murmur is common > 80 yrs because ____

Answer 22

cardiac valves become thickened

mitral and aortic valves subject to higher pressures

Question 23

The vascular system transports metabolic wastes that are excreted by the ___ and the ___.

Answer 23

lungs and the kidneys

Question 24

Maintain HDL of

Answer 24

> 50 mg/dL

Question 25

Maintain LDL of

Question 26

Maintain Triglycleride levels of

Question 27

Maintain BMI of

Question 28

If diabetes is present, maintain BS of

Question 29

Hypertension present: Optimal BP