comparison of approaches-criterion: scientific methods- does the approach use scientific methods Flashcards
(7 cards)
what are the 6 AO1 points you must know for comparison of approaches - criterion - scientific methods ?
-Behaviourist Approach – Scientific and Objective Methods
-Social Learning Theory – Scientific with Some Subjectivity
-Cognitive Approach – Highly Scientific
-Biological Approach – Highly Scientific and Reductionist
- Psychodynamic Approach – Unscientific and Lacks Objectivity
-Humanistic Approach – Non-Scientific and Subjective
How does the Behaviourist approach use scientific methods?
Highly Scientific
Uses controlled laboratory experiments (e.g., Pavlov’s dogs, Skinner’s rats).
Focus on observable, measurable behaviour.
Excludes subjective experiences, making it objective and replicable.
How does Social Learning Theory use scientific methods?
Scientific but Subjective
Uses laboratory experiments (e.g., Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment).
Includes cognitive processes like vicarious reinforcement and motivation, which cannot be directly observed.
Involves some subjectivity due to internal cognitive variables
How does the Cognitive approach use scientific methods?
Highly Scientific
Uses laboratory experiments, computer models, and neuroimaging techniques (e.g., fMRI, EEG).
Provides objective, quantifiable data on brain activity and cognition.
Criticized for being mechanistic, focusing only on information processing.
How does the Biological approach use scientific methods?
Highly Scientific
Uses laboratory experiments, brain scans (e.g., fMRI, EEG), and genetic research.
Focuses on quantitative data and empirical evidence (e.g., hormone levels, neurotransmitter activity).
Reductionist, focuses solely on biological factors, often ignoring environmental influences.
How does the Psychodynamic approach use scientific methods?
Unscientific
Relies on case studies and subjective interpretation of unconscious drives.
Lacks objectivity, replicability, and measurability.
Hard to test scientifically compared to other approaches like biological or cognitive.
How does the Humanistic approach use scientific methods?
Non-Scientific
Focuses on subjective experience and personal growth (e.g., self-actualisation).
Uses qualitative methods like unstructured interviews and case studies, which are not replicable or objective.
Does not adhere to strict scientific methods, focusing instead on individual perspective.
