DAT Biotech and Microscopy Cheat Sheet

Question 1

All living organisms are composed of

Answer 1

one or more cells

Question 2

Cell is basic unit of…

Answer 2

structure, function, organization

Question 3

All cells come from

Answer 3

preexisting, living cells

Question 4

Cells carry what kind of info

Answer 4

hereditary

Question 5

what were precursors to life

Answer 5

Self replicating RNA molecules

Question 6

RNA stores..

Answer 6

genetic info like DNA

Question 7

RNA can catalyze…

Answer 7

chemical reactions like enzymes

Question 8

The general flow of genetic
information is from…

Answer 8

DNA to RNA to protein

Question 9

Use visible light to view a thin sample

Answer 9

light microscope

Question 10

Used to view surface of 3D objects
with high resolution

Answer 10

Scanning Electron Microscope:

Question 11

Used to view thin cross sections
and internal structures within samples at very high magnification

Answer 11

Transmission Electron Microscope:

Question 12

Can observe
specific parts of a cell using fluorescent tagging antibodies

Answer 12

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope/Fluorescence:

Question 13

creates a large amount of DNA…

Answer 13

PCR

Question 14

what does PCR do

Answer 14

amplifiesDNA sample

Question 15

High heat separates double stranded DNA

Answer 15

denaturation

Question 16

Sample is cooled so primers attach to separated
strands

Answer 16

annealing

Question 17

Polymerase synthesize new strands

Answer 17

elongation

Question 18

Used to synthesize DNA from an
RNA template

Answer 18

reverse trasncriptase

Question 19

what is reverse trasncriptase naturally used by

Answer 19

viruses

Question 20

what does cDNA stand for

Answer 20

complementary DNA

Question 21

cDNA lacks….

Answer 21

introns

Question 22

Technique to separate a liquified
sample into its different
components by spinning it rapidly

Answer 22

centrifugation

Question 23

Cell Fractionation (largest to
smallest):

Answer 23

Nuclei > mitochondria/chloroplast >
ribosomes

Question 24

Used to determine the sequence of
base pairs in a DNA or RNA molecule

Answer 24

DNA sequencing

Question 25

Used to determine the sequence of base pairs in a DNA or RNA molecule

Answer 25

blotting techniques

Question 26

southern blotting

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

northern blotting

Answer 27

RNA

Question 28

western blotting

Answer 28

protein

Question 29

what is used to separate sample in blotting

Answer 29

electrophorisis

Question 30

Sample is transferred to what in blotting

Answer 30

nitrocellulose gel

Question 31

what does probe do in blotting

Answer 31

hybridize and mark target fragment

Question 32

when nucleic acids form complementary base pairs with nucleic acids of different strand)

Answer 32

hybridization

Question 33

Used to separate DNA molecules by size and charge:

Answer 33

gel electrophoresis

Question 34

the smaller the molecule in gel electrophoresis...

Answer 34

farther it travels down the gel

Question 35

Used to monitor the expression of large groups of genes across a genome

Answer 35

microarray assays

Question 36

contains segments from multiple sources.

Answer 36

recombinant DNA

Question 37

what is used to cut specific segments of DNA called restriction sites.

Answer 37

restriction endonucleases

Question 38

allow new DNA pieces to bind

Answer 38

sticky ends

Question 39

connects the different fragments together

Answer 39

DNA ligase

Question 40

used to transfer foreign DNA into another cell.

Answer 40

a vector

Question 41

examples of vectors

Answer 41

plasmids and bacteriophages

Question 42

which are collections of DNA pieces from a genome

Answer 42

gene libararies

Question 43

DNA ligase attaches the fragments to create

Answer 43

plasmid

Question 44

Plasmid is introduced into bacteria using

Answer 44

transformation