DAT Renal System Cheat Sheet

Question 1

Excretes waste, maintains homeostasis of body fluid volume & solute composition, and
regulates blood pressure

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

what maintains homeostasis of body fluid volume and solute comp

Answer 2

kidney

Question 3

what regulates blood pressure

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

Monitors filtrate
pressure in kidney tubules

Answer 4

Macula Densa:

Question 5

what is included in the juxtaglomular apparatus

Answer 5

macula densa

Question 6

If low Blood Pressure →

Answer 6

adrenal
cortex is signaled to synthesize
aldosterone → more water is
reabsorbed from the kidney back into
the blood → Blood pressure
increases/normalizes

Question 7

adrenal cortex is signaled to synthesize what

Answer 7

aldosterone

Question 8

if low blood pressure, is water excreted or reabsorbed in to kidney to blood

Answer 8

reabsorbed

Question 9

Large particles (blood cells
& albumin) remain in circulatory
system; only small particles go
through and form the filtrate, which
is pushed into Bowman’s capsule

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

what particles stay in circulatory system during filtration

Answer 10

large particles (blood cels and albumin)

Question 11

where is filtrate pushed to

Answer 11

Bowmans capsule

Question 12

Glucose is completely
reabsorbed; after passing through
the components of the nephron,
molecules & ions are pulled back
into blood from kidney

Answer 12

reabsorption

Question 13

what is completely reabsorbed during reabsorption

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

after passing thru components of the nephron, molecules and ions… what

Answer 14

pulled back into blood from kidney

Question 15

Substances are removed
and secreted from the blood through
peritubular capillaries into the
nephron

Answer 15

secretion

Question 16

where are things secreted from

Answer 16

blood

Question 17

where do the things being secreted move to

Answer 17

peritubular capillaries into th enephron

Question 18

Urine physically leaves
the body

Answer 18

excretion

Question 19

two parts of the nephron

Answer 19

Renal Corpuscle, Renal Tubule

Question 20

what is included in renal corpuscle

Answer 20

Bowmans capsule, glomerous

Question 21

A capillary network that interacts with Bowman’s
capsule

Answer 21

glomerous

Question 22

Afferent arteriole

Answer 22

into glomerous

Question 23

Efferent arteriole

Answer 23

out of glomerous

Question 24

A structure that surrounds glomerulus

Answer 24

bowmans capsule

Question 25

Materials are forced out of blood and into the...

Answer 25

tubule

Question 26

Cells in Bowman's capsule that filter blood

Answer 26

podocytes

Question 27

components of renal tubule

Answer 27

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tube, collecting duct

Question 28

A portion between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle

Answer 28

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 29

where does most reabsorbtion occur

Answer 29

pct

Question 30

lots of mitochondria present

Answer 30

pct

Question 31

permeable only to water;

Answer 31

descending loop of henle

Question 32

water leaves the kidney tubules, which increases the solute concentration in the tube

Answer 32

descending loop of henle

Question 33

impermeable to water;

Answer 33

ascending loop of henle

Question 34

NaCl gets removed,

Answer 34

ascending loop

Question 35

decreases the solute concentration in the tube

Answer 35

ascending loop

Question 36

More reabsorption of glucose, ions, and water

Answer 36

distal convoluted tubule

Question 37

Collects remaining filtrate

Answer 37

collecting duct

Question 38

what can act on collecting duct to affect secretion & reabsorption

Answer 38

hormones

Question 39

Increases Na+ reabsorption from the kidney tubules into the bloodstream

Answer 39

aldosterone

Question 40

water retention in blood is increased, caused by what

Answer 40

aldosterone

Question 41

Increases collecting duct permeability to water

Answer 41

ADH

Question 42

water is reabsorbed out of kidney tubule and back into the bloodstream → urine becomes more concentrated while blood pressure increases... what hormone

Answer 42

ADH

Question 43

Alcohol & coffee block synthesis of

Answer 43

ADH

Question 44

Aquatic animals excrete NH3 & NH4...

Answer 44

directly into water

Question 45

Mammals, sharks, amphibians: convert NH3 ->

Answer 45

urea

Question 46

Birds, insects, reptiles: secrete...

Answer 46

uric acid

Question 47

Marine Fish: * Body cells are WHAT to enviroment

Answer 47

hypotonic

Question 48

Constantly drink water to offset water loss

Answer 48

marine fish

Question 49

rarely urinate, what kinda fish

Answer 49

marine fish

Question 50

Freshwater Fish * Body cells are... WHAT to enviroment

Answer 50

hypertonic to environment → water enters

Question 51

Rarely drink water

Answer 51

freshwater fish

Question 52

Constantly urinate to stop body fluid being diluted

Answer 52

freshwater fish