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DAT Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

cytokinesis

A

cytoplasmic division

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1
Q

(karyokinesis)

A

nuclear division

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2
Q

homologous
chromosomes

A

are two copies of every
chromosome, forming pairs called

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3
Q

Humans have how many chormosomes

A

46

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4
Q

how many homologous pairs

A

23

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5
Q

Animal cells have cellular structures called

A

centrosomes

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6
Q

what does each centrosome contain a pair of

A

centrioles

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7
Q

what do centrioles produce

A

spindle fibers

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8
Q

what are the two main phases of the cell cycle

A

interphase and mitotic phase

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9
Q

interphase includes what

A

G1, S, G2

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10
Q

mitotic phase includes what

A

mitosis and cytokinesis

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11
Q

Interphase begins after…

A

after mitosis and cytokinesis are complete
(when the cells are replicated and physically separated).

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12
Q

Most
cell growth in volume occurs in what

A

G1

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13
Q

Cell increases in size and G1 checkpoint ensures
everything is ready for DNA synthesis (cells produce protein,
ribosomes, and mitochondria, replicates organelles).

A

G1

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14
Q

DNA synthesis occurs in what part

A

S phase

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15
Q

when are sister chromatids made

A

s phase

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16
Q

when is DNA replicated

A

s phase

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17
Q

second molecule of DNA replicated from
the first, creating sister chromatids.

A

s phase

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18
Q

Rapid cell growth continues to occur.

A

G2

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19
Q

Preparation of
genetic material for cellular division.

A

G2

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20
Q

Some organelles replicate.

A

G2

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21
Q

Inactive state of cells not actively growing or dividing

A

G0

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22
Q

what kind of cells are found in G0

A

nerve and cardiac cells

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23
Q

When Surface area to
Volume ratio (S/V) is small…

A

cellular exchange
is hard, and leads to cell
death or cell division to
increase surface area.

24
why cells are limited in how large they can grow.
surface to volume ratio
25
As Genome to Volume ratio (G/V) decreases,...
cell exceeds the ability of its genome to produce proteins needed to regulate the cell.
26
when does The spindle apparatus forms
prophase
27
kinetochore
microtubules attach to
28
Prophase has how many chromosomes and chromatids
46 chrome, 92 chromatids
29
Nucleus disassembles, (mitosis)
prophase
30
nucleolus disappears. (mitosis)
prophase
31
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. (mitosis)
prophase
32
Chromosomes line up. mitosis
metaphase
33
how many sister chromatids do each metaphase chromosome consist of
2
34
Each chromatid is complete with what I metaphase
centromere and attached kinetochore.
35
Microtubules shorten and each chromosome is pulled apart into two separate chromatids
anaphase
36
(disjunction).
Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
37
Nuclear envelope re-forms.
Telophase and cytokinesis
38
Chromosomes decondense back into chromatin and nucleoli reappear.
telophase and cytokinesis
39
synapsis,
Chromosomes pair up lengthwise
40
what does synapsis form
tetrads
41
what need to form for crossing over to occur
tetrads
42
occur. Pairs are physically linked through...
chiasmata
43
where does crossing over occur
chiasmata
44
Microtubules attach to chromosomes at kinetochores and move them towards the metaphase plate (meiosis i)
prophase i
45
Homologous chromosomes are arranged at the metaphase plate
metaphase i
46
Independent assortment of chromosomes
metaphase i
47
Homologous chromosomes separate and spindle apparatus guides the chromosomes to opposite poles
anaphase i
48
Homologous chromosomes are separated from each other to each end of the cell.
Telophase I and cytokinesis
49
Cytokinesis then results in two
haploid daughter cells
50
Spindle apparatus forms and microtubules move chromosomes towards metaphase plate
prophase ii
51
Sister chromatids are no longer genetically identical due to crossing over
metaphase ii
52
Chromatids separate, moving towards opposite ends
anaphase ii
53
Results in four genetically distinct daughter cells in total
Telophase II and cytokinesis
54
crossing over occurs
prophase i
55
(non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes exchanging genetic material)
crossing over
56
random orientation of homologous chromosomes allows for the production of gametes with many different assortments of alleles
independant assortment
57
sperm fertilizes which egg)
Random joining of gametes
58
genetic linkage.
Genes closer together on a chromosome are more likely to be inherited together,

bio (49 decks)

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