DAT Respiratory System Cheat Sheet

Question 1

filters, moistens, and warms air

Answer 1

nose

Question 2

passage for food & air

Answer 2

pharynx

Question 3

throat

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

Dust & mucus are swept back by…

Answer 4

cillia

Question 5

if non-gas enters the
cough reflex activates

Answer 5

larynx

Question 6

voice box

Answer 6

larynx

Question 7

contains C-shaped ringed
cartilage covered by cilia and mucus cells

Answer 7

trachea

Question 8

what covers tracea during swalling

Answer 8

epiglottis

Question 9

two bronchi, which
enter the lungs and branch into narrower
bronchioles

Answer 9

Bronchi → Bronchioles:

Question 10

how many bronchi are there

Answer 10

2

Question 11

what do bronchi branch into

Answer 11

bronchioles

Question 12

small sacs at end of bronchioles,
surrounded by blood-carrying capillaries

Answer 12

alveoli

Question 13

Where gas exchange between the
circulatory system and lungs occurs via
diffusion

Answer 13

alveoli

Question 14

alveoli is coated with what and why

Answer 14

surfactant , to reduce surface tension

Question 15

Diaphragm moves down
(contracts)

Answer 15

inhalation

Question 16

Volume in lungs increases

Answer 16

inhalation

Question 17

Pressure inside of the lungs
decreases

Answer 17

inhalation

Question 18

air flows in

Answer 18

inhalation

Question 19

Diaphragm rises (relaxes)

Answer 19

exhalation

Question 20

Volume in lungs decreases

Answer 20

exhalation

Question 21

Pressure inside of the lungs
increases

Answer 21

exhalation

Question 22

Air rushes out

Answer 22

exhalation

Question 23

Main buffer molecule in
blood

Answer 23

bicarbonate

Question 24

what is more soluble in blood than O2

Answer 24

CO2

Question 25

Most CO2 in blood is transported as...

Answer 25

bicarbonate ion

Question 26

The conversion of CO2 into HCO3 - is catalyzed by the enzyme...

Answer 26

carbonic anhydrase

Question 27

protein structure with 4 polypeptide subunits complexed around an Fe atom,

Answer 27

hemoglobin

Question 28

how many subunits does hemoglobin have

Answer 28

4

Question 29

what ion is hemoglobin complexed around

Answer 29

iron

Question 30

how many lobes are in left lung

Answer 30

2

Question 31

how many lobes are in right lung

Answer 31

3

Question 32

which lung is smaller

Answer 32

left

Question 33

Membranous cover with 2 layers

Answer 33

* Pleurae:

Question 34

lines lung surface

Answer 34

* Visceral pleura:

Question 35

lines inside of chest cavity

Answer 35

Parietal pleura:

Question 36

between the 2 layers

Answer 36

Intrapleural space:

Question 37

lower border thoracic cavity

Answer 37

diaphram

Question 38

aid in breathing

Answer 38

intercostal muscle

Question 39

Epithelium functions to...

Answer 39

moisten the tract, protect from pathogens, aid in gas exchange

Question 40

Trachea and bronchi have what kind of cells

Answer 40

psuedostratified

Question 41

secrete mucus (what cells)

Answer 41

goblet cells

Question 42

produce new cells (what cells)

Answer 42

basal cells

Question 43

sweep debris trapped by mucus

Answer 43

cilia cells

Question 44

Fish: The gills of fish provide a large surface area that allows for

Answer 44

highly efficient respiration

Question 45

occurs as water outside the fish and blood inside the fish slowly past each other = max diffusion of O2 into the blood and CO2 into water

Answer 45

countercurrent exchange

Question 46

respiratory control center of the brain

Answer 46

Medulla oblongata

Question 47

Measure concentrations of specific gases and acids and uses that information to tell the brain what changes in respiration need to be made

Answer 47

chemoreceptors

Question 48

↑ partial pressure CO2 =...

Answer 48

medulla oblongata stimulates rate of ventilation = diaphragm signaled to contract = lungs inflate = thoracic pressure decreases

Question 49

indirectly monitor [H+ ] in the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 49

Central chemoreceptors (in medulla):

Question 50

function to monitor the atrial concentrations of CO2, O2, and pH via H+

Answer 50

Peripheral chemoreceptors (in carotid arteries and aorta):

Question 51

A left shift on the oxygen dissociation curve results in

Answer 51

oxygen being held more tightly by hemoglobin.

Question 52

A right shift involves

Answer 52

physiological states where tissues need more oxygen.

Question 53

factors that shift curve to rigth

Answer 53

(CO2, Acid, 2,3-DPG, Exercise, and Temperature)

Question 54

how to remember factors that shift curve to the right

Answer 54

CADET, face right