DAT Nervous System Cheat Sheet Flashcards by Jack Green

Consists of several dendrites, single branched axon, and cell
body (soma) –

neuron

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Receive initial stimulus from environment

Sensory (Afferent):

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Receive input from sensory and
send to motor neuron

association (interneuron)

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Make up 99% of the body’s neurons

association (interneuron)

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From brain, stimulate target cells (effectors)
to elicit response

motor (efferent)

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Receive
information to transfer to
cell body

dendrites

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Site of action
potential generation

axon hilcock

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Transfer impulses
away from cell body

axon

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Capable of dividing

gilal cells

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Produce myelin in CNS

Oligodendrocytes:

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Produce myelin in PNS

Schwann cells

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CNS phagocytes

Microglia:

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Circulate CSF with cilia

Ependymal cells:

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Support cells in PNS

Satellite cells:

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Physically support CNS neurons;

astrocytes

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maintain nutrient and
mineral balance

astrocytes

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afferent

sensory

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efferent

motor

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Innervates skeletal muscle

somatic ns

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Voluntary or involuntary
movements

somatic ns

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what does somatic ns use at neuromuscular junctions

ACh

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two branches of autonomic ns

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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sympathetic branch is responsible for what

fight or flight

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Increased blood pressure & heart
rate, ejaculation, generation of
energy

fight or flight

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Inhibition of digestion, urination, and salivary secretion

fight or flight

parasympathetic branch is responsible for what

rest and digest

Lowered heart rate * Increased digestion, relaxation, and sexual arousal

rest and digest

Contains the brain, spinal cord, and interneurons

CNS

CNS includes what

brain, spinal cord, interneurons

blockade of cells that prevents or slows the passage of drugs, ions, and pathogens into the CNS à

blood brain barrier

what is blood brain barrier permeable to

O2, CO2, glucose, and small non-polar molecules

largest part of the brain

forebrain

(smell),

Olfactory bulb

(relay between spinal cord and cerebral cortex),

thalamus

(visceral functions ex. sleep, hunger, temperature regulation),

hypothalamus

(planning/learning movement sequences),

basal ganglia

(memory)

hippocampus

hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus (behavioral and emotional responses)

limbic system

what is limbic system responsible for

behavioral and emotional response

thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Diencephalon subdivision

Cerebrum contains...

cerebral cortex

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Conscious thought (attention), what lobe

frontal

Sensory; somatosensation, proprioception, what lobe

parietal

Sound processing/interpretation, what lobe

temporal

Visual input, what lobe

occipital

Relay center for visual/auditory impulses

midbrain

Motor control

midbrain

posterior part of the brain

hindbrain

2 parts of hindbrain

cerebellum, brain stem

Balance and coordination

cerebellum

Connects cerebrum to spinal cord

brain stem

Relay center (cortex ←→ cerebellum)

pons

Controls breathing & heart rates, GI activity

medulla oblongata

what part of brain are medulla oblongata and pons found

brain stem

↑ diameter and ↑ myelination of axon =

quicker propagation of impulse

-70 mV with K+ higher inside the cell; Na+ higher outside

resting potential

Stimulus increases neuron’s potential with the opening of gated ion channels from which Na+ enters and depolarizes axon; if the -50 mV threshold is reached, an action potential will open voltage gated Na+ channels down the entire neuron à all-or-nothing!

depolarization

Polarization is restored with K+ moving out of gated ion channels

repolarization

Excess K+ leaving neuron before channels fully close

hyperpolarization

Neuron unresponsive to new stimulus until the Na+/K+ pump returns ions to resting potential locations

refractory period

Maintains resting potential of -70 mV using ATP

Na/K pump

Respond strongly to their own stimuli and weakly to others.

sensory resceptors

For touch, what receptor

mechanoreceptor

For temperature, what receptor

thermoreceptor

For pain, what receptor

Nociceptors

for light, what receptors

Electromagnetic Receptors

For taste, smell, blood chemistry, what resceptor

chemoreceptors

ACh Binds to ACh receptors on...

post-synaptic membrane for nerve transmission

ACh Secretion at neuromuscular junctions =

contraction or relaxation of muscles (PNS)

ACh Recycled back to presynaptic vesicle via...

acetylcholinesterase

Most common CNS neurotransmitter in vertebrates;

glutamate

excitatory, amino acids

glutamate

Found in brain; inhibitory

GABA

Found in CNS outside brain; inhibitory

glycine

Found in CNS outside brain; inhibitory

gasses

act in sympathetic nervous system

Epinephrine (E) and Norepinephrine (NE)

bronchodilation and vasodilation to lungs and skeletal muscles;

epinephrin

vasoconstriction to the digestive system and kidneys

epinephrin