DAT Immune System Cheat SHeet

Question 1

organism’s defense system against pathogens

Answer 1

immune system

Question 2

the first line of cellular defense and generates a rapid, nonspecific immune response

Answer 2

innate immune system

Question 3

Physical and chemical barriers prevent pathogen entry

Answer 3

external immunity

Question 4

first barrier to pathogens and viruses

Answer 4

skin

Question 5

WHAT IN saliva and tears
break down microbial cell walls

Answer 5

LYSOZYME

Question 6

Lines the lungs and sweeps invaders out

Answer 6

CILLIA

Question 7

Stomach acid kills microbes

Answer 7

GASTRIC JUICE

Question 8

WHAT come from stem cells in the bone marrow and can differentiate into different types of immune cells

Answer 8

luekocytes

Question 9

Engulf foreign particles, bacteria, and dead cells via
phagocytosis

Answer 9

phagocytic leukocytes

Question 10

Function in the destruction of
pathogens in infected tissues

Answer 10

neutrophils

Question 11

Circulate in blood until they move
into tissues via diapedesis where they develop
into macrophages

Answer 11

monocytes

Question 12

In tissues, they phagocytize cell
debris and pathogens and are derived from
monocytes

Answer 12

macrophages

Question 13

Ingest pathogens and stimulate
the acquired immune response

Answer 13

dendritic cells

Question 14

Function in an allergic response,
inflammatory response, and anaphylaxis

Answer 14

mast cells

Question 15

Surround and destroy multicellular
parasites

Answer 15

eosinophils

Question 16

Release histamine in the inflammatory
response and recruited to tissues when needed

Answer 16

basophils

Question 17

Attack abnormal body cells, either tumors
or pathogen-infected cells.

Answer 17

NK cells

Question 18

Pro-Tip: Relative abundance of the Leukocytes:

Answer 18

Neutrophils > Lymphocytes > Monocytes > Eosinophils

Question 19

Are secreted by infected
cells that stimulate neighboring cells to
produce proteins to defend against viral
infections

Answer 19

interferons

Question 20

Chemical signaling molecules
used in the immune response for cell-cell
communication

Answer 20

cytokines

Question 21

Specific type of cytokine

Answer 21

Interleukins

Question 22

IL 1 involved in…

Answer 22

inflammatory response

Question 23

il2 triggers …

Answer 23

adaptive immune response

Question 24

contains complement proteins that circulate the body and assist in activating the immune response

Answer 24

complement system

Question 25

critical to innate immunity and they are key proteins that link innate and acquired immunity

Answer 25

toll like receptors

Question 26

Innate Immune cells have toll-like receptors that recognize...

Answer 26

molecular patterns that many pathogens have

Question 27

if toll like receptors are inhibited, what happens

Answer 27

immune system is inhibited

Question 28

last line of immune defense that develops after the body has been attacked.

Answer 28

adaptive immune system

Question 29

immune response targets specific antigens.

Answer 29

adaptive immunity

Question 30

specific foreign pathogen or molecule that can trigger an immune response

Answer 30

antigen

Question 31

a specific part of an antigen to which an antibody binds

Answer 31

epitope

Question 32

Proteins that bind to a specific antigen they recognize

Answer 32

antigen

Question 33

Primary cells of the adaptive immune response

Answer 33

lymphocyte

Question 34

originate in the bone marrow and concentrate in lymphatic tissue such as lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen

Answer 34

lymphocytes

Question 35

originate and mature in the bone marrow, and are activated in response to foreign antigens

Answer 35

B cells

Question 36

glycoproteins produced by B cells that are specific to an antigen

Answer 36

anitbodies

Question 37

5 classes of antibodies

Answer 37

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM

Question 38

what shape are antibodies

Answer 38

Y

Question 39

how many chains of a B cell

Answer 39

2 heavy and 2 light

Question 40

how are chains linked for b cells

Answer 40

disulfide bond

Question 41

When a foreign antigen activates a B cell, what occurs

Answer 41

proliferation

Question 42

what happens once proliferation occurs

Answer 42

daughter B cells produced

Question 43

B cells that circulate in the blood and release specific free antibodies that dispose of antigens by agglutination, inactivation, opsonization, and lysis

Answer 43

plasma cells

Question 44

Long-lived B cells that store memory of an antigen they have encountered.

Answer 44

memory cells

Question 45

originate in the bone marrow but mature in the thymus, and have antigen receptors

Answer 45

t cells

Question 46

4 types of t cells

Answer 46

Cytotoxic T cells, Helper T cells, Suppressor T cells, memory t cells

Question 47

killer T cells that destroy by releasing perforin protein and via lysis

Answer 47

cytotoxic t cells

Question 48

stimulate activation of B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and suppressor T cells

Answer 48

helper t cells

Question 49

play a negative feedback role in the immune system

Answer 49

suppressor t cells

Question 50

similar in function to Memory B cells

Answer 50

memory T cells

Question 51

If an individual doesn’t have a functioning thymus, they would not be able to produce...

Answer 51

t cells

Question 52

Active and passive immunity are two divisions of...

Answer 52

adaptive immunity

Question 53

Acquired after direct exposure to an infection/vaccine:

Answer 53

active immunity

Question 54

Antibodies made after exposure to pathogen

Answer 54

natural active immunity

Question 55

antibodies made after exposure to a vaccine

Answer 55

artificial active immunity

Question 56

Acquired from external sources:

Answer 56

passive immunity

Question 57

Antibodies transferred from mother to baby

Answer 57

natural passive

Question 58

antibodies given vi serum injection

Answer 58

articialr passive immunity

Question 59

The three types of antigen presenting cells

Answer 59

macrophages, dendritic cells and b cells

Question 60

what are both possible pathways for the adaptive immune system to regulate an immune response

Answer 60

Cell-mediated and humoral response

Question 61

(antibody-mediated response)

Answer 61

humoral response

Question 62

occurs when pathogens are recognized in the blood or lymph

Answer 62

humoral response

Question 63

critical to humoral response

Answer 63

b cells

Question 64

occurs when an infected cell is recognized and bound by a T-cell

Answer 64

cell mediated response

Question 65

which cells are critical to cell mediated response

Answer 65

T cells