~~~ EATING DISORDER TEST BANK Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following was a diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa in DSM-IV but has not been included in DSM-5?
A Refusal to maintain normal body weight.
B Distorted perception of body size and shape.
C Amenorrhea.
D Denial.
A
C Amenorrhea.
2
Q
Which of the following is characteristic of the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia?
A The use of laxatives.
B 30 to 50 percent of those who begin by binge-eating and purging become restricting type anorexics.
C Body weight is within normal range.
D Efforts to restrict food intake.
A
A The use of laxatives.
3
Q
Andrea has anorexia nervosa, restricting type. Which of the following behaviours would you expect her to have?
A Self-induced vomiting.
B Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats.
C Normal menstrual periods.
D Occasional bouts of overeating.
A
B Cutting up her food into little pieces when she eats.
4
Q
Cindy is 5 ‘ 6” tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food - several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes - all in an evening. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy’s most likely diagnosis is
a) bulimia nervosa, purging type
b) anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
c) anorexia nervosa, restricting type
d) no disorder
A
b) anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type
5
Q
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict
a) she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed
b) she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight
c) she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame
d) she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting
A
b) she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight
6
Q
Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa?
a) decreased mood
b) decreased appetite
c) lessened preoccupation with physical appearance
d) increased frequency of binges
A
c) lessened preoccupation with physical appearance
7
Q
John and Ira eat dinner together after work. Several hours later, each starts to feel nausea and stomach pains. John is a hypochondriac, Ira is not. Most likely
a) both men will think that the food they ate made them sick
b) John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick
c) John will think the food he ate made him sick and Ira will not think anything at all
d) Ira will think he has stomach cancer and John will think the food he ate made him sick
A
b) John will think that he has stomach cancer and Ira will think the food he ate made him sick
8
Q
Which of the following is a potential consequence of anorexia nervosa?
a. memory loss
b. excessive hair growth
c. hearing and vision impairment
d. death
A
death
9
Q
How do you distinguish between the binge-eating or purging type of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, purging type?
a. The bulimic type involves throwing up, and the anorexic type involves fasting.
b. Altered eating and exercise habits result in missed periods in the bulimic type only.
c. The bulimic type results in more severe health consequences than the anorexic type.
d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.
A
d. People with the bulimic type are normal weight, people with the anorexic type are underweight.
10
Q
Which of the following do those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have in common?
a. fear of being or becoming fat
b. a sense of control
c. below normal weight
d. restricted eating
A
a. fear of being or becoming fat
11
Q
In order to make a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, the client must:
a. have a distorted body image
b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa
c. have missed three consecutive menstrual periods
d. admit that she has a problem
A
b. not meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa
12
Q
Someone who binges and purges and is severely underweight is diagnosed as anorexic, not bulimic. Treating physicians must be precise with this diagnosis because:
a. the patient will eventually stop binging and purging and start fasting
b. anorexia is considered the more reliable diagnosis
c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia
d. bingeing and purging are not considered very important symptoms
A
c. anorexia has a much higher death rate than bulimia
13
Q
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict:
a. she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed
b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight
c. she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame
d. she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting
A
b. she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight
14
Q
The mindset of people with bulimia and people with anorexia:
a. is basically the same
b. is very different - people with anorexia eventually become satisfied with their weight loss and people with bulimia never do
c. is very different - people with bulimia don’t seem bothered by other people’s opinion (usually distress) about them and people with anorexia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder
d. is very different - people with anorexia don’t seem bothered by other people’s opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder
A
d. is very different - people with anorexia don’t seem bothered by other people’s opinion (usually distress) about them and people with bulimia are very concerned and will do their best to hide their disorder
15
Q
The text presented the case of Catherine, a woman with bulimia nervosa. She is typical of such individuals because she:
a. had suffered few health problems
b. had few thoughts of food except when she was eating
c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation
d. did not realize that her eating habits were abnormal
A
c. experienced shame, guilt, and self-deprecation
16
Q
callie and Raquel both have problems with binging and purging. They both eat large evening meals and both then purge what they have eaten. Callie engages in this three to four times a week, and Raquel does so once a week on Sundays. What would be the diagnosis for each of these individuals?
a. Callie’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria
.
b. Callie’s diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa; Raquel does not meet DSM criteria.
c. Callie’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel’s diagnosis would be anorexia nervosa.
d. Callie’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.
A
d. Callie’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa; Raquel’s diagnosis would be bulimia nervosa.
17
Q
In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl’s case?
a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.
b. The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim.
c. Few women with anorexia exercise.
d. A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.
A
a. Eating disorders rarely start during the mid-thirties.
18
Q
Which of the following has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders in men?
a. heterosexuality
b. bicycling
c. homosexuality
d. painting
A
c. homosexuality
19
Q
Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she:
a. purges only once every few years
b. is unconcerned about becoming fat
c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies
d. is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself “fat”
A
c. experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies
20
Q
Lanugo:
a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia
b. is another name for an eating binge
c. is the term for the stopping of a woman’s menstrual periods
d. is the lack of concern people with anorexia show about their condition
A
a. is a soft hair that grows on the body of people with anorexia
21
Q
A common sign of bulimia nervosa is:
a. lanugo
b. intolerance to cold
c. kidney failure
d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers
A
d. damaged teeth and mouth ulcers
22
Q
Ellen is underweight but not less than 85 percent of normal body weight. She often restricts her eating because she is intensely fearful of becoming fat. She purges at least twice a week, even though she does not eat large amounts of food at any sitting. According to the DSM-5 she should be diagnosed:
a. with anorexia nervosa, binge/purge subtype
b. with eating disorder not otherwise specified
c. with binge eating disorder
d. with purging disorder
A
b. with eating disorder not otherwise specified
23
Q
Delilah is overweight. She likes to eat cookies and other sugary snacks, and often eats an entire package at one sitting. She is upset by this because she knows how important weight is to health, but she does not engage in any compensatory behaviors. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia nervosa
c. binge eating disorder
d. purging disorder
A
c. binge eating disorder
24
Q
Binge-eating disorder:
a. is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa
b. is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting
c. cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight
d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate “compensatory” behavior to limit weight gain
A
d. involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate “compensatory” behavior to limit weight gain
25
Binge-eating disorder:
a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5
b. has not yet been formally recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome
c. usually develops into anorexia, binge-eating/purging subtype
d. is more common in males than in females
a. is an eating disorder diagnosis most recently added to the DSM-5
26
What is unique about binge-eating disorder (BED) as compared to the eating disorders currently found in the DSM?
a. Those with BED are commonly of normal body weight.
b. The patient age is usually older.
c. It develops earlier in life than other eating disorders.
d. Few of those with BED develop weight-related health problems.
b. The patient age is usually older.
27
Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?
a. A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia.
b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
c. Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions.
d. Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.
b. There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
28
What disorders are often comorbid with eating disorders?
a. post-traumatic stress disorder and depression
b. panic disorder and personality disorders
c. generalized anxiety disorder and substance abuse
d. depression and personality disorders
d. depression and personality disorders
29
Which of the following complicates the study of personality traits and eating disorders?
a. Personality disorders are always seen in those with eating disorders.
b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment.
c. Eating disorders may merely be a symptom of a personality disorder.
d. Both personality disorders and eating disorders are highly subjective diagnostic categories, thus the collection of empirical data is tainted by the nature of these conditions.
b. Personality may be altered by malnourishment.
30
Ginger suffers from anorexia. She is often angry and irritable. These feelings:
a. may be the result of her starving herself
b. were probably modeled by her father and mother
c. suggest that she does not suffer from "neuroticism"
d. must have predated the onset of the anorexia
a. may be the result of her starving herself
31
Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders in the 20th century is true?
a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.
b. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, the incidence of bulimia has been declining.
c. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, there is no evidence to suggest a change in the incidence of bulimia.
d. While there is no evidence to indicate that the incidence of anorexia has been changing, bulimia appears to be increasing in frequency.
a. While the incidence of anorexia has been increasing, the incidence of bulimia seems to be declining.
32
Which of the following is likely to put whites at higher risk of developing an eating disorder than non-whites?
a. body dissatisfaction
b. living in an industrialized society
c. fear of stomach bloating
d. desire to please the family
a. body dissatisfaction
33
Rates of eating disorders tend to be much lower in black women than in white women. However, one factor that can increase risk in black women is
a. their age - younger black women have higher rates of eating disorders than older
b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values
c. their weight - very overweight black women have the same rates of eating disorders as whites do
d. whether they were recent immigrants
b. assimilation into white culture and middle class values
34
Which of the following characterizes the prevalence of eating disorders in Iran?
a. Iran does not recognize eating disorders.
b. Iran has a low incidence of eating disorders.
c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States.
d. Iran has a very high prevalence of eating disorders.
c. Iran's prevalence of eating disorders is comparable the United States.
35
What is the prognosis for anorexia nervosa?
a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run.
b. Most people improve fairly quickly and don't relapse.
c. Anorexia has an excellent recovery rate, but the other disorders don't.
d. The prognosis is extremely poor, with few recovering from it.
a. Relapse rates are high, but recovery can often happen in the long run.
36
In studies of the long-term outcomes of women treated for eating disorders, which of the following predicted poor outcomes for those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia?
a. depression
b. presence of a personality disorder
c. substance abuse
d. OCD
c. substance abuse
37
According to set-point theory:
a. anorexics have successfully adjusted their bodies to a new lower set-point
b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point
c. behavioral means of altering body weight can never overcome the body's ability to compensate physiologically
d. the body weight that is maintained in the absence of dieting is the one at which health is maximized
b. hunger serves to maintain the body at its established set-point
38
Set-point theory explains why:
a. losing those last few pounds is easier than losing the first few
b. the desire for fatty high calorie foods decreases over time when deprived of food
c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction
d. serotonin levels change with fasting
c. binge eating is likely after a period of caloric restriction
39
Set-point theory about weight suggests that:
a. dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia
b. people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight
c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges
d. sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals
c. the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges
40
The influence of television on the attitudes toward eating in Fiji demonstrate that:
a. biological factors play a minimal role in the etiology of eating disorders
b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased
c. definitions of beauty are not changed over time
d. there is no relationship between physical standards of beauty and desirable personality traits
b. environmental factors can alter societal attitudes such that the risk of developing eating disorders is increased
41
Families of people with anorexia:
a. do not have any characteristic features
b. tend to provide few rules and limits
c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism
d. emphasize individuality
c. exhibit tendencies towards perfectionism
42
Which of the following is most commonly found in families of girls with anorexia?
a. Parents who are unconventional, dramatic, and antisocial.
b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.
c. Sibling rivalry that breaks out into physical and verbal aggression.
d. Children who reduce psychological tension in the family by dominating their parents.
b. Parents who emphasize rules, control, and good physical appearance.
43
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of a person developing bulimic symptoms?
a. the amount of control families tried to have over the person
b. the degree of overprotectiveness parents displayed
c. the amount of marital conflict between the parents
d. the amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance
d. the amount of critical comments family members made about the person's appearance
44
The most common quality of parents' interactions with their daughters who have eating disorders is:
a. unconditional love and acceptance
b. neglect
c. criticism
d. lack of direction and rules
c. criticism
45
Internalizing the "thin ideal" is strongly associated with:
a. body satisfaction
b. negative affect
c. recovery from eating disorders
d. attitudes about interpersonal relationships
b. negative affect
46
A lack of body distortions among the Amish:
a. provides evidence against a role for sociocultural factors in the development of eating disorders
b. indicates that the Amish do not value physical beauty
c. suggests that the influence of the Western media is not as great as commonly perceived
d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples
d. suggests that there should be a low prevalence of eating disorders among these peoples
47
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body:
a. young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women
b. most young women want a body that is more "curved" than the media-encouraged ideal
c. young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do
d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men
d. young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men
48
Which statement best describes trends in actual and ideal weight in American young women?
a. While the weight of the average woman is decreasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing even faster.
b. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.
c. While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is increasing even faster.
d. Weight of the average woman doesn't seem to be affected by the average weight of the ideal woman.
While the weight of the average woman is increasing, the average weight of the ideal woman is decreasing.
49
What is the link between dieting and eating disorders?
a. Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.
b. Dieting is a risk factor for bulimia.
c. Dieting is not a risk factor for the development of eating disorder.
d. When done properly, dieting seems to decrease eating disorder symptoms for a while and then leads to a sharp increase in symptoms.
Dieting is a risk factor for both anorexia and bulimia.
50
Which of the following appears to be an enduring personality trait of people who are susceptible to developing an eating disorder?
a. neuroticism
b. perfectionism
c. pessimism
d. individualism
perfectionism
51
Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders?
a. There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.
b. There is no relationship between early sexual abuse and the development of eating disorders later in life.
c. Early sexual abuse may lead to a denial of one's sexuality and a desire to maintain a child-like appearance, resulting in attempts to prevent the development of a more mature figure through dieting.
d. While sexual abuse has been found to increase the risk of developing anorexia, no relationship has been observed between abuse and other eating disorders.
There appears to be a relationship, but it appears to be indirect, involving an array of intervening variables.
52
What is the most serious challenge in treating eating disorders?
a. making a diagnosis before the disorder becomes life threatening
b. engaging the family in the treatment process
c. finding an effective pharmacological treatment
d. overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment
overcoming the patient's ambivalence toward treatment
53
After her dentist commented on the damage her practice of vomiting had caused to her teeth, Hilda realized that she had a problem. After seeing a psychiatrist, Hilda was diagnosed with anorexia, binge-eating/purging sub-type. Due to the severity of her condition, her doctor suggested that she be hospitalized. Hilda immediately entered an inpatient treatment program and embraced all aspects of the treatment regimen. What is unique about Hilda's case?
a. Dental problems are not seen in those with anorexia.
b. Psychiatrists rarely suggest hospitalization for this type of anorexia.
c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.
d. The failure to use outpatient treatment before hospitalization.
c. Hilda's lack of ambivalence about treatment.
54
Which of the following best explains the lack of well-controlled studies on the effectiveness of treatment for anorexia nervosa?
a. Few people with anorexia who are in treatment are willing to participate with bulimics.
b. Few people with anorexia achieve full remission.
c. The high mortality rate with anorexia results in sample sizes too small to yield valid conclusions.
d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.
d. Few people with anorexia are willing to seek treatment, and they are likely to drop out prematurely from treatment.
55
Which statement about the treatment of eating disorders is most accurate?
a. There are very few options available in the treatment of eating disorders.
b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.
c. There are virtually no situations in which hospitalization is necessary to treat eating disorders.
d. Family involvement in treatment tends to undercut the chances of lasting recovery in the patient.
b. Family support and the patient's commitment to change are important to lasting recovery.
56
In the treatment of eating disorders, medications:
a. have proven to be especially helpful in treating patients with anorexia
b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment
c. are commonly used to stimulate appetite
d. have been found to be more effective than most psychological interventions
b. may be useful, but are not a primary treatment
57
Why is family therapy currently being investigated as a treatment for anorexia?
a. Family therapy has been found to be the most effective form of therapy for bulimia.
b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.
c. The well-established role of the family in the development of eating disorders necessitates the involvement of the family in their treatment.
d. CBT and other forms of individual psychotherapy have been found to be ineffective.
b. Healthier family relationships have been found to affect treatment outcome.
58
Which of the following best explains why cognitive-behavioral therapy is a logical approach to the treatment of eating disorders?
a. It is the therapy of choice for most disorders.
b. The role of learning in the development of eating disorders is well-established.
c. Medical interventions have proven ineffective.
d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.
d. Both thoughts and behaviors need to be altered to achieve a lasting outcome.
59
Research suggests that ________ provides the best immediate and long-term outcomes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
a. systematic desensitization
b. family therapy
c. antidepressant medication
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
60
Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat:
a. adolescents
b. adults
c. men
d. those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms
a. adolescents
61
Which of the following is an effect of antidepressants on symptoms of bulimia nervosa ?
a. Decreased mood.
b. Decreased appetite.
c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.
d. Increased frequency of binges.
c. Lessened preoccupation with physical appearance.
62
Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders:
a. is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes
b. is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa
c. suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains
d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice
d. suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice
63
Which of the following has been indicated as the best approach in the treatment of binge eating disorder?
a. psychodynamic psychotherapy
b. behavior therapy
c. mindfulness therapy
d. interpersonal psychotherapy
d. interpersonal psychotherapy
64
In addition to altering the eating patterns of clients with Binge Eating Disorder, therapists using cognitive-behavioral therapy will also:
a. teach the clients to be greater risk-takers
b. educate the clients that fat people have certain character flaws
c. provide factual information about eating and dieting
d. help the client to emotionally separate from her family
c. provide factual information about eating and dieting
65
What is the relationship between obesity and social class?
a. There is none.
b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children.
c. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults but higher SES children.
d. Obesity occurs much more frequently in higher social class adults and children.
b. Obesity occurs much more frequently in lower social class adults and children.
66
Which of the following is a danger associated with obesity?
a. asthma
b. cancer
c. low blood pressure
d. joint disease
b. cancer
67
Which of the following statements about obesity and health is true?
a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.
b. Only when obesity has a behavioral cause is it dangerous.
c. Individuals who are obese, but active, are not at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
d. Obesity is only a threat to health in cultures where the obesity is due to the consumption of fatty foods and relative inactivity.
a. The heavier the person, the greater the health risks.
68
Which of the following factors is associated with an increased risk for obesity?
a. high socioeconomic status
b. living in an Asian culture
c. being well-cared-for as a child
d. low parental education
d. low parental education
69
Which of the following best explains the current trend in the prevalence of obesity?
a. Obesity is no longer a factor that decreases survival, thus genes for obesity are becoming more prevalent in the general population.
b. the tendency to underfeed children who then overeat as adults
c. the adoption of unhealthy life styles
d. the popularity of dieting
c. the adoption of unhealthy life styles
70
Why are family attitudes about obesity important?
a. because they reflect the genetic influences on obesity
b. because they will cause people to be happier when obese
c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us
d. they aren't - peer influence is more important
c. because the consequences are likely to remain with us
71
Comfort food:
a. does nothing physiologically, any effects are due to expectation
b. may help reduce activation in the stress response system
c. changes the hormonal balance of the body and makes people want to eat more
d. affects the brain in such a way as to make it unable to tell when the body is full
may help reduce activation in the stress response system
72
What cyclical pathway can develop that eventually leads to obesity?
a. A child stops eating because of low self-esteem, becomes anorexic and then is successfully treated but still has negative feelings about her or himself.
b. A thin child eats normally but is teased about his or her weight and begins to diet further.
c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.
d. A thin child binges because of depression and low self-esteem, purges and feels better, then feels safe to binge again, eating more later.
c. A child eats because of feelings of depression and low self-esteem, gains weight, is rejected by peers, binges, and continues to gain weight.
73
Which of the following is a medication currently approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of obesity?
a. amphetamine
b. phentermine
c. fenfluramine
d. sibutramine
d. sibutramine
74
Orlistat, which works by interfering with the absorption of fat:
a. works very well for obesity
b. works very well for extreme obesity but not regular obesity
c. works modestly well for obesity
d. results have been uncertain
c. works modestly well for obesity
75
After bariatric surgery:
a. patients stay normal weight the rest of their lives
b. some patients do not lose any weight
c. most patients do not survive
d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight
d. some patients regain their weight, but most lose a great deal of weight
76
Gastric bypass surgery makes it:
a. possible to binge and not gain weight
b. slightly more likely that people will lose weight
c. impossible to regain weight once it is lost
d. impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight
d. impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight
77
the term anorexia nervosa literally means
A) pursuit of thinness that is relentless
B) “lack of appetite
induced by nervousness"
C)
D)
B) “lack of appetite
induced by nervousness"
78
for a diagnosis of binge eating disorder, binge eat-ing and purging now have to occur on average once a week over a
A) 1- month period
B) 6-month person
C) 2 week period
D) 3-month period
D) 3-month period
79
in binge eating disorder, a typical binge averages around
A) 5000 calories
B) 7000 calories
C) 500 calories
D) 1900 calories
D) 1900 calories
80
compared with anorexia, what is not a factor involved in the diagnosis of bulimia or binge eating disorder
A) caloric intake
B) weight
C) thought patterns
D)
B) weight
81
individuals with binge-eating dis-order are more likely to have
A) undervalued ideas about the importance of weight and shape
B) overvalued ideas about the importance of weight and shape
C)
D)
B) overvalued ideas about the importance of weight and shape
82
obesity is defined as having a BMI
A) around 18
B) above 40
C) around 25
D) above 30
D) above 30
83
84
Which of the following is not a condition found in the DSM?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
Obesity
Obesity
85
Which of the following is a controversial aspect of the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?
Refusal to maintain normal body weight.
Distorted perception of body size and shape.
Amenorrhea.
Denial.
Amenorrhea.
86
Elena binges on high calorie foods and then makes herself throw up. She feels terribly ashamed and horrified by what she does. You would predict:
she will stop making herself throw up because she is ashamed and distressed.
she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.
she will stop because her vomiting is being punished by the feelings of disgust and shame.
she will not stop because she has become physiologically addicted to vomiting.
she will not stop because her vomiting is reinforced by reducing her fear of gaining weight.
87
In her mid-thirties, Cheryl became preoccupied with her weight and began dieting and exercising. After losing a substantial amount of weight, she was still not happy with how she looked and continued to restrict her food intake. After several fainting spells resulting from her low calorie intake, her employer referred her to a clinician who recognized the signs of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is unique about Cheryl's case?
Group of answer choices
Anorexia nervosa rarely starts during the mid-thirties.
The likelihood of anorexia being so readily recognized and diagnosed is slim.
Few women with anorexia exercise.
A diagnosis of anorexia is rarely made before the condition becomes life-threatening.
Anorexia nervosa rarely starts during the mid-thirties.
88
Set-point theory about weight suggests that:
dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia.
people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight.
the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.
sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals.
people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight.
89
Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she:
purges only once every few years.
is unconcerned about becoming fat.
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself 'fat'.
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
90
Binge-eating disorder:
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate 'compensatory' behaviour to limit weight gain.
is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa.
is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting.
cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight.
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate 'compensatory' behaviour to limit weight gain.
91
Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?
A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia.
There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions.
Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.
Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions.
92
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body:
young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women.
most young women want a body that is more 'curved' than the media-encouraged ideal.
young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do.
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.
93
Gastric bypass surgery makes it:
possible to binge and not gain weight.
slightly more likely that people will lose weight.
impossible to regain weight once it is lost.
impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
94
what is an important brain area that plays a role in eating
A) hippocampus
B) locus coeruleus
C) amygdala
D) hypothalamus
D) hypothalamus
95
for relatives of people with bulimia nervosa, the risk of bulimia is
A) 10 times higher
B) 2 times higher
C) 3.7 times lower
D) 3.7 times higher
D) 3.7 times higher
96
A large international team of researchers led by Cyn-thia Bulik has recently published data from the most powerful genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa ever conducted. This study identified a locus (a specific position or location of a gene) for anorexia nervosa on
A) chromosome 21
B) chromosome 12
C) gene 2
D) chromosome 2
B) chromosome 12
97
chromosome 12 has previously shown associations with
A) bulimia nervosa
B) eating large amounts of food
C) neuroticism
D) autoimmune disorders and Type 1 diabetes
D) autoimmune disorders and Type 1 diabetes
98
lesions in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) cause an animal to
A) Exhibit hyperactivity and increased energy levels
B) Develop heightened aggression towards other animals
C) Behave as if it is starving
D) Engage in excessive grooming and social interactions
C) Behave as if it is starving
99
when the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is stimulated an animal
A) rapidly puts on weight
B) behaves as if it is starved
C) increases food intake
D) loses weight
D) loses weight
100
what does the research suggest in regards to abnormalities in the hypothalamus
A) Abnormalities in the hypothalamus have minor effects on eating behaviors
B) The hypothalamus is primarily responsible for sleep regulation
C) There is no good evidence that it plays a role in eating disorders
D) It plays a major role in regulating body temperature
C) There is no good evidence that it plays a role in eating disorders
101
Although still speculative at this time, it is reasonable to suggest that the hypothalamus “senses” weight in some way and keeps things in balance with the ventromedial hypothalamus acting as a _______and the lateral hypothalamus serving as an ________
A) Temperature regulator; emotional center
B) Satiety center; appetite center
C) Motor control center; sensory processing unit
D) Sleep regulator; wakefulness center
B) Satiety center; appetite center
102
The tendency of our bodies to resist efforts to bring about a marked change (increase or decrease) in weight
A) Set point
B) Weight fluctuation mechanism
C) Metabolic flexibility
D) Adaptive resistance
A) set point
103
what neurotransmitter has been implicated in obsessionality, mood disorders, and impulsivity
A) Dopamine
B) Norepinephrine
C) GABA
D) Serotonin
D) Serotonin
104
A new direction in eating disorders research centers on the brain pathways and neurotransmitters (such as dopamine) that are involved in
A) Reward sensitivity
B) Motor coordination
C) Visual perception
D) Memory consolidation
A) Reward sensitivity
105
what is an important factor that is implicated in increasing risk for the development of anorexia nervosa
A) Genetic factors alone
B) Low reward sensitivity
C) Minimal impact of environmental factors
D) High reward sensitivity
B) Low reward sensitivity
106
where do majority of girls and women with anorexia nervosa appear to come
A) Lower socioeconomic backgrounds
B) Higher socioeconomic backgrounds
C) Rural areas
D) Urban environments
B) Higher socioeconomic backgrounds
107
in contrast to the onset of anorexia nervosa, the onset of binge eating disorder occurs between
A) 21 to 24
B) 16 to 20
C) 30 to 50
D) 20 to 30
C) 30 to 50
108
what is a risk factors for men for disordered eating
A) High socioeconomic status
B) Sexual orientation
C) Low academic achievement
D) Lack of physical activity
B) sexual orientation
109
what is the gender difference in binge eating disorder
A) It's higher for women
B) It's higher for men
C) There is no significant gender difference
D) women have higher rates in adolescence but males have higher rates in middle adulthood
C) There is no significant gender difference
110
what is NOT included as a factor involved in the diagnosis for bulimia nervosa
A) sense of lack of control during eating episode
B) eating within a discrete period
C) weight
D) compensatory behaviours
C) weight
111
what is NOT included as a factor involved in the diagnosis for binge eating disorder
A) eating rapidly
B) feeling disgusted with oneself
C) weight
D) sense of lack of control during eating episode
C) weight
112
the age group at the highest risk for bulimia nervosa is
A) 21 to 24
B) 16 to 20
C) 30 to 50
D) 20 to 30
A) 21 to 24
113
what is a reason for the underdiagnosis of eating disorders in men
A) Not acknowledging they have a problem
B) Gender bias in the DSM criteria
C) A lack of awareness in the medical community
D) The absence of gender bias in the DSM criteria
B) Gender bias in the DSM criteria
114
a personality trait relating to the pursuit of unattainably high standards combined with an intolerance of mistakes
A) Self-confidence
B) Perfectionism
C) Adaptability
D) Indifference
B) Perfectionism
115
what has been suggested as helping maintain bulimic pathology through the rigid adherence to dieting that then drives the binge/purge cycle
A)
B) Perfectionism
C) Obsessive behaviours
D)
B) Perfectionism
116
what would we expect for someone who has h anorexia nervosa
A) perfectionism is higher among those who purge
B) perfectionism is higher among those who restrict
C) perfectionism is higher among subtypes of purging or binge eating and purging and restricting
D) perfectionism is higher among those who binge eat
C) perfectionism is higher among subtypes of purging or binge eating and purging and restricting
117
what is true regarding perfectionism in those with anorexia nervosa
A) it does not have a genetic basis
B) it only places those with restricting behaviours at higher risk
C) it reduces after recovery
D) it predates their disordered eating
D) it predates their disordered eating
118
what is a consequence of socio-cultural pressure to be thin is that some young girls and women develop
A)
B)
C) highly intrusive and pervasive perceptual biases regarding how “fat” they are
D) perfectionism
119
Prue is a 19 year old Amish female, we would expect that Prue
A) displays intrusive and perceptual biases regarding how fat she is
B) does not display intrusive and perceptual biases regarding how fat she is
C) she perceives her body as being the "ideal" female form that she sees in the media
D) she has an unrealistic slender ideal
B) does not display intrusive and perceptual biases regarding how fat she is
120
as a society, men, women and children are
A) Becoming more active
B) Getting heavier
C) Experiencing a decline in overall health
D) Maintaining consistent body weight
B) getting heavier
121
The research literature strongly implicates _________ as an important risk factor for pathological eating
A) Low self esteem
B) Body dissatisfaction
C) Personality
D) Impressionism
B) Body dissatisfaction
122
what is a a risk factor for the development or worsening of eating disorders
A) Low self esteem
B) Dieting
C) Personality
D) Impressionism
B) Dieting
123
what is a is a causal risk factor for body dissatisfaction
A) Low self esteem
B) Dieting
C) Personality
D) Negative affect
D) Negative affect
124
what is an implication of individuals with anorexia nervosa admitted to inpatient units
A) Rapid and sustained recovery
B) Minimal impact on treatment outcomes
C) They may feel pressure to be the "best anorexic" patient in the unit
D) High motivation for self-improvement
C) They may feel pressure to be the "best anorexic" patient in the unit
125
Patients with eating disorders are often
A) Eager to embrace recovery
B) Very conflicted about getting well
C) Indifferent towards treatment
D) Committed to maintaining their eating disorder
B) Very conflicted about getting well
126
what disease are those with anorexia nervosa at increased risk of developing
A) Hypertension
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Type 2 diabetes
D) Osteoporosis
D) osteoporosis
127
what is something that could account for some of the depression and cognitive changes documented in low-weight anorexia patients
A) Thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency
B) Elevated serotonin levels
C) Excessive physical activity
D) Inadequate nutritional intake
A) Thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency
128
which of the following eating disorders is the most prevalent
A) anorexia nervosa, restricting type
B) binge eating disorder
C) bulimia nervosa
D) anorexia nervosa, binge/purging type
B) binge eating disorder
129
what is the most common cause of death in those who suffer from anorexia nervosa
A) Respiratory failure
B) Medical complications from starvation
C) Psychiatric comorbidities
D) Suicide
B) Medical complications from starvation
130
what is the second most common cause of death in those who suffer from anorexia nervosa
A) Respiratory failure
B) Medical complications from starvation
C) Psychiatric comorbidities
D) Suicide
D) Suicide
131
what patients are at a particularly high risk of suicide?
A) Those with low levels of social support
B) Those who have lost their ability to maintain an “emotionally protective” low body weight
C) Individuals who have low levels of resilience and coping skills
D) Individuals with an insecure sense of identity
B) those who have lost their ability to maintain an “emotionally protective” low body weight
132
what personality disorders are found in those with anorexia nervosa as well as those with bulimia nervosa
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)
B) anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)
C) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality
D) schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)
133
what personality disorder are more typically associated with bulimia nervosa
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)
B) anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)
C) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality
D) schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)
134
what personality disorder are more typically associated with binge eating disorder
A) dramatic, emotional, or erratic (Cluster B)
B) anxious-avoidant cluster (Cluster C)
C) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality
D) schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid
C) avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and borderline personality
135
The distorted body image that accompanies anorexia nervosa is frequently assessed using the:
a) Eating Disorders Inventory
b) Ecological Momentary Assessment
c) Feeding Distortion Inventory
d) none of the above
a) Eating Disorders Inventory
136
People with binge-eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
a) impulsive behavior
b) stealing
c) social withdrawal
d) psychotic behavior
d) psychotic behavior
137
A biological consequence of anorexia nervosa is
a) dry skin
b) kidney and gastrointestinal problems
c) lanugo
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
138
What is the most likely prognosis for a woman with anorexia nervosa?
a) She will regain normal weight as she enters puberty.
b) She will never recover.
c) She will recover within a year with no relapses.
d) She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
d) She will eventually recover, but will likely relapse and continue to struggle with the disorder for years.
139
In bulimia nervosa, binge eating typically occurs
a) while alone
b) after stress
c) after a negative social interaction
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
140
As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with
a) higher mortality rates
b) lower mortality rates
c) equal mortality rates
d) none of the above; data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist
b) lower mortality rates
141
For a diagnosis of anorexia, BMI must be below:
a) 20.5
b) 19.5
c) 18.5
d) 17.5
c) 18.5
142
People with anorexia nervosa are frequently diagnosed with
a) depression
b) anxiety disorders
c) personality disorders
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
143
As compared to anorexia nervosa, the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is associated with
a. higher mortality rates
b. lower mortality rates
c. equal mortality rates
d. none of the above; data on mortality caused by eating disorders does not exist
b. lower mortality rates
144
where is the highest rate of obesity found for any group
A) Black men
B) white women
C) asians
D) black women
D) black women
145
provides a key metabolic signal that informs the central nervous system about the state of the body’s fat reserves.
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Leptin
D) Ghrelin
C) Leptin
146
what hormone rises before a meal and fall after we have eaten
A) Cortisol
B) Insulin
C) Leptin
D) Ghrelin
D) Ghrelin
147
what rate condition creates high levels of ghrelin
A) Fasting and starvation
B) Prader–Willi syndrome
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Diabetes mellitus
B) Prader–Willi syndrome
148
If your sister has anorexia nervosa and you are female,
a) you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
b) you are over twenty times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
c) you are over two times more likely to have anorexia nervosa.
d) there is no greater risk to you for developing anorexia nervosa
a) you are over ten times more likely to have anorexia nervosa
149
CBT for binge eating emphasizes:
a) self-monitoring
b) self-control
c) problem-solving in eating
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
150
Which of the following is a form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy that has some proven success in treating eating disorders?
a) guided self-help CBT
b) documentation CBT
c) family-oriented CBT
d) none of the above
a) guided self-help CBT
151
Family-based therapy focuses on all of the following EXCEPT:
a) helping parents restore their daughter to a healthy weight
b) building up family functioning in the context of adolescent development
c) individual treatment for family members
d) helping parents understand normal adolescent development
c) individual treatment for family members
152
Studies show that those with anorexia or bulimia nervosa __________ more than the average person does.
a) focus on food-related words
b) go to restaurants
c) stay at home
d) ruminate over their problems
a) focus on food-related words
153
Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of preventive intervention for eating disorders?
a) psychoeducational approaches
b) de-emphasizing sociocultural influences
c) banning junk foods from elementary schools
d) risk factor approach
c) banning junk foods from elementary schools
154
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of bulimia nervosa is effective
a) half of the time or less
b) if combined with drug treatment
c) but with high relapse rates
d) if family and friends are supportive
a) half of the time or less
155
Successful treatment of bulimia nervosa often results in
a) modest weight gain
b) reduced psychological problems
c) improved family and social relations
d) academic gains
b) reduced psychological problems
156
In treating bulimia nervosa, the overall goal is to teach the individual to
a) accept their natural shape
b) monitor caloric intake
c) develop normal eating patterns
d) have other social outlets
c) develop normal eating patterns
157
. Which of the following has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain in treating anorexia?
a) cognitive-behavioral therapy
b) family therapy
c) psychodynamic therapy
d) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
d) none of the above has been shown to reliably lead to long-term maintenance of weight gain
158
The principal form of psychological treatment for anorexia nervosa is
a) reinforcing appropriate eating behaviors
b) providing a safe inpatient environment
c) social skills training
d) family therapy
d) family therapy
159
Combined hospital treatment and cognitive behavior therapy of anorexia nervosa has been effective in
a) encouraging compliance with medication treatment
b) maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year
c) short term weight gain only
d) building skills to resist social pressures
b) maintaining improvements in symptoms for up to one year
160
The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is
a) medication to reduce anxiety about eating
b) education on the importance of a well-balanced diet
c) hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
d) assessment to identify causes and plan individualized treatment
c) hospitalization to promote and monitor eating
161
Efforts to treat bulimia nervosa using antidepressant drugs have been complicated by
a) low federal funding for such studies
b) frequent side effects
c) treatment refusal
d) all of the above
b) frequent side effects
162
Adelaide, who has bulimia, is being treated solely with fluoxetine (Prozac). If she stops taking the drug, she will most likely
a) relapse
b) become obese
c) develop anorexia nervosa
d) maintain normal eating patterns over the long term
a) relapse
163
. Studies have shown drug treatment to be
a) effective for bulimia only
b) effective for anorexia only
c) effective for both bulimia and anorexia
d) ineffective for both bulimia and anorexia
a) effective for bulimia only
164
Which is NOT a disadvantage of medication in the treatment of bulimia?
a) relapses when medication is stopped
b) it controls only bingeing, not purging
c) unpleasant side effects
d) high dropout rates
b) it controls only bingeing, not purging
165
A recent area of research in eating disorders has been upon
a) actual eating habits.
b) associated fears such as phobias or other anxiety disorders.
c) concerns with self-focused attention.
d) child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
d) child abuse and the link to eating disorders.
166
Set-point theory about weight suggests that:
Group of answer choices
dieting can establish a new set-point that stabilizes the near-starvation seen in people with anorexia.
people with anorexia are biologically programmed to be underweight.
the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.
sociocultural factors play very little role in the development of unrealistic body image goals.
the hunger that occurs by being well below one's set-point can trigger binges.
167
Felicia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa with purging. We should expect that she:
Group of answer choices
purges only once every few years.
is unconcerned about becoming fat.
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
is less than 85 percent of normal body weight but still considers herself 'fat'.
experiences electrolyte imbalances and mineral deficiencies.
168
Binge-eating disorder:
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate 'compensatory' behaviour to limit weight gain.
is an extremely rare variant of bulimia nervosa.
is diagnosed when a person binges and then purges by using laxatives or self-induced vomiting.
cannot be diagnosed if a person is overweight.
involves binges comparable to those in bulimia but without any inappropriate 'compensatory' behaviour to limit weight gain.
169
Which statement about the diagnosis of eating disorders is accurate?
Group of answer choices
A person meeting the criteria for bulimia rarely, if ever, has been diagnosed with anorexia.
There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
Although the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia do not overlap, women with eating disorders often have other diagnosable psychiatric conditions.
Although anorexia and bulimia are quite similar, women with eating disorders rarely have a comorbid psychological condition.
There is quite a lot of diagnostic crossover in eating disorders.
170
When it comes to comparing one's actual body image with the ideal body:
Group of answer choices
young men are just as likely to see themselves as too fat as young women.
most young women want a body that is more 'curved' than the media-encouraged ideal.
young women often falsely believe that men prefer larger women than they actually do.
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.
young women are more likely to be dissatisfied than young men.
171
Gastric bypass surgery makes it:
Group of answer choices
possible to binge and not gain weight.
slightly more likely that people will lose weight.
impossible to regain weight once it is lost.
impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
impossible to binge eat but still possible to regain weight.
172
A weakness of many of the family studies of eating disorders is
a) most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
b) an inadequate level of attention paid to third variable causes.
c) limited generalizability given the laboratory nature of the research.
d) an overreliance upon a single theoretical paradigm.
a) most rely upon self-report and not direct observation.
173
Most people with anorexia nervosa:
a.) do not lose their appetite or interest in food
b.) lose their appetite
c.) lose their interest in food
d.) lose both their appetite and interest in food
a.) do not lose their appetite or interest in food
