SCHIZOPHRENIA

Question 1

the hallmark of schizophrenia is a significant loss of contact with reality, referred to as

A) psychosis

B) Delusion

C) Neurosis

D) Hallucination

Answer 1

A) psychosis

Question 2

Who provided the first detailed clinical description of what we now recognize as schizophrenia in 1810?

A) Benedict Morel

B) John Haslam

C) Carpenter

D) Bethlem Hospital

Answer 2

B) John Haslam

Question 3

n the historical context of schizophrenia, who described the case of a 13-year-old boy experiencing intellectual decline, withdrawal, lethargy, and forgetfulness, attributing the symptoms to hereditary brain degeneration and coining the term “démence précoce”?

A) John Haslam

B) Carpenter

C) Benedict Morel

D) Bethlem Hospital

Answer 3

C) Benedict Morel

Question 4

According to Emil Kraepelin’s careful description of what we now recognize as schizophrenia, which of the following symptoms did he identify as characteristic of the disorder?

A) Hyperactivity and restlessness

B) Heightened creativity and artistic expression

C) Suspicion, hallucinations, apathy, withdrawn behavior, and an incapacity for regular work

D) Social charm and increased sociability

Answer 4

C) Suspicion, hallucinations, apathy, withdrawn behavior, and an incapacity for regular work

Question 5

What significant contribution did Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) make to the understanding of schizophrenia?

A) Pioneering psychoanalytic approaches

B) Coining the term “schizophrenia,”

C) Establishing the first schizophrenia-specific medication

D) Introducing the concept of cognitive therapy for schizophrenia

Answer 5

B) Coining the term “schizophrenia,”

Question 6

Why did Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) coin the term “schizophrenia”?

A) To emphasize the role of genetics in the disorder

B) To highlight the importance of early intervention

C) Because he believed the condition involved a split or crack in thought processes and a disconnection from reality

D) To emphasize the association with mood disorders

Answer 6

C) Because he believed the condition involved a split or crack in thought processes and a disconnection from reality

Question 7

the use of the term schizophrenia by Bleuler was rooted in “schizo” meaning _______ and “phren” meaning ______

A) emotion; disorganisation

B) mind; split or crack

C) cognitive; disorder

D) split or crack; mind

Answer 7

D) split or crack; mind

Question 8

Contrary to the common misconception of a “Jekyll and Hyde” split personality, how did Eugen Bleuler explain the term “schizophrenia”?

A) Referring to the division of external reality and internal fantasy

B) Representing a split within intellect, between intellect and emotion, and between intellect and external reality

C) Indicating the coexistence of multiple personalities

D) Symbolizing the separation of conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind

Answer 8

B) Representing a split within intellect, between intellect and emotion, and between intellect and external reality

Question 9

the subtitle of Bleuler’s monograph (Bleuler, 1911/1950) was “The Group of Schizophrenias,” indicating that he believed this disorder is

A) not a single diagnostic entity

B) a unitary and homogeneous condition

C) exclusively related to genetic factors

D) rooted in childhood experiences

Answer 9

A) not a single diagnostic entity

Question 10

Which statement accurately reflects the risk factors associated with schizophrenia?

A) Individuals with a parent with schizophrenia have a statistically lower risk of developing the disorder.

B) People from families with no history of schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing the disorder.

C) Individuals with a parent with schizophrenia have a statistically higher risk of developing the disorder.

D) Schizophrenia is entirely unrelated to family history.

Answer 10

C) Individuals with a parent with schizophrenia have a statistically higher risk of developing the disorder.

Question 11

Which of the following statements accurately identifies a risk factor associated with the development of schizophrenia?

A) Having a younger father (below 50 years) at the time of birth increases the risk.

B) Having a parent working in a medical profession is a risk factor.

C) Second-generation immigrants have lower rates of schizophrenia compared to the general population.

D) People with fathers aged 50 or older at the time of their birth have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia.

Answer 11

D) People with fathers aged 50 or older at the time of their birth have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia.

Question 12

At what age range does the vast majority of cases of schizophrenia typically begin, with the peak onset of the illness?

A) Childhood, with most cases emerging before the age of 10.

B) Early adulthood, with 18 to 30 years of age being the peak time for onset.

C) Late adulthood, with onset typically occurring after the age of 60.

D) Adolescence, with most cases emerging between 12 and 15 years of age.

Answer 12

B) Early adulthood, with 18 to 30 years of age being the peak time for onset.

Question 13

which of the following is NOT true relating to the emergence of schizophrenia

A) vast majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in late adulthood

B) it is sometimes found in children, but cases are rare

C) the vast majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in late adolescence and early adulthood

D) men have an early age of onset than women

Answer 13

A) vast majority of cases of schizophrenia begin in late adulthood

Question 14

with regards to men and women, which of the following is true

A) Men and women have an equal likelihood of developing schizophrenia throughout their lives.

B) Women are generally more prone to developing schizophrenia than men.

C) After about age 35, the number of men developing schizophrenia falls markedly, whereas the number of women developing schizophrenia does not

D) The risk of developing schizophrenia is highest in men after the age of 60.

Answer 14

C) After about age 35, the number of men developing schizophrenia falls markedly, whereas the number of women developing schizophrenia does not

Question 15

in relation to women developing schizophrenia, which statement is accurate?

A) The risk of schizophrenia remains constant throughout a woman’s life.

B) There is a second rise in new cases around age 40 and a third spike in onset that occurs when women are in their early 60s.

C) The risk decreases steadily as women age.

D) Women are more likely to develop schizophrenia after the age of 50.

Answer 15

B) There is a second rise in new cases around age 40 and a third spike in onset that occurs when women are in their early 60s.

Question 16

In addition to having an earlier age of onset, what other characteristic tends to be associated with males who develop schizophrenia?

A) They are more likely to have a milder form of schizophrenia.

B) They are less likely to experience brain structure anomalies.

C) They tend to have a more severe form of schizophrenia.

D) They exhibit fewer cognitive deficits compared to females.

Answer 16

C) They tend to have a more severe form of schizophrenia.

Question 17

Why might there be a sex ratio imbalance for the diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A) Women typically have more severe symptoms, leading to a higher diagnosis rate.

B) women might be diagnosed with another disorder due to them having a less severe form of symptoms

C) Men are less likely to seek mental health treatment, affecting diagnosis rates.

D) There is no significant difference in the symptoms of schizophrenia between men and women.

Answer 17

B) Women might be diagnosed with another disorder due to them having a less severe form of symptoms.

Question 18

What might contribute to the better clinical outcome of women with schizophrenia?

A) Higher levels of testosterone in women

B) Lower levels of estrogen in women

C) The protective effect of estrogen, especially during periods of low estrogen levels

D) Menopause leading to an increase in the severity of schizophrenia symptoms in women

Answer 18

C) The protective effect of estrogen, especially during periods of low estrogen levels

Question 19

What role does estrogen play in the delayed onset and the clinical course of schizophrenia in women?

A) Estrogen has no impact on the onset or clinical course of schizophrenia.

B) Higher levels of estrogen contribute to an earlier onset and a more severe clinical course.

C) Declining levels of estrogen around menopause may explain late-onset schizophrenia

D) Estrogen delays the onset of schizophrenia but has no effect on the clinical course.

Answer 19

C) Declining levels of estrogen around menopause may explain late-onset schizophrenia

Question 20

what involves a disturbance in the content of thought

A) thought

B) experience

C) delusions

D) hallucinations

Answer 20

C) delusions

Question 21

a delusion in which the person things that some external agency has robbed ones thoughts

A) delusion of reference

B) thought withdrawal

C) thought insertion

D) none of the above

Answer 21

B) thought withdrawal

Question 22

what is a delusion of reference

A) beliefs that one’s thoughts, feelings, or actions are being controlled by external agents

B) a neutral environmental event is believed to have special and personal meaning intended only for the person

C) thoughts are being inserted into one’s brain by some external agency

D) delusions about bodily changes or removal of organs

Answer 22

B) a neutral environmental event is believed to have special and personal meaning intended only for the person

Question 23

a sensory experience that seems real to
the person having it, but occurs in the absence of any exter-nal perceptual stimulus

A) thought

B) illusion

C) hallucinations

D) delusions

Answer 23

C) hallucinations

Question 24

a misperception of a stimulus that actually exists

A) thought

B) illusion

C) hallucinations

D) delusions

Answer 24

B) illusion

Question 25

what type of hallucination is most common

A) tactile

B) auditory

C) olfactory

D) visual

Answer 25

B) auditory

Question 26

what are hallucinatory voices are usually the voice of

A) no one in particular

B) people known to the patient

C) God or the Devil

D) the persons own voice

Answer 26

B) people known to the patient

Question 27

neuroimaging studies have found what area of the brain to have increased activity in those who have speech hallucinations

A)

B)

C) brocas

D) wernickes

Answer 27

C) brocas

Question 28

delusions reflect a disorder of thought

A) ability

B) stability

C) form

D) content

Answer 28

D) content

Question 29

. Disorganized speech, on the other hand, is the external manifestation of a disorder in thought

A) ability

B) stability

C) form

D) content

Answer 29

C) form

Question 30

what is the term clinicians use to refer to problems in the way that disorganized thought is expressed in disorganized speech

A) Speech disorganization

B) Formal thought disorder

C) Cognitive dysfunction

D) Communication impairment

Answer 30

B) Formal thought disorder

Question 31

negative symptoms fall into what two broad domains

A) Reduced expressive behavior and reductions in motivation and pleasure

B) Cognitive impairments and increased social interaction

C) Enhanced emotional expression and heightened motivation

D) Exaggerated behaviors and elevated pleasure experiences

Answer 31

A) reduced expressive behavior and reductions in motivation an pleasure

Question 32

if a patient has delusions, negative symptoms and disorganised speech for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period, however lasted less than 6 months, which of the following diagnosis would be appropriate?

A) delusional disorder

B) schizoaffective disorder

C) schizophrenia disorder

D) schizophreniform disorder

Answer 32

D) schizophreniform disorder

Question 33

what is the distinction between delusional disorder and schizophrenia

A) people diagnosed with delusional disorder show performance deficiencies

B) people given the diagnosis of delusional disorder may otherwise behave quite normally

C) people given the diagnosis of schizophrenia may otherwise behave quite normally

D) schizophrenia behaviour do not show gross disorganisation

Answer 33

B) people given the diagnosis of delusional disorder may otherwise behave quite normally

Question 34

Presence of one of more Delusions. 2. Hallucinations. 3. Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence).
4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.

A) schizoaffective disorder

B) delusional disorder

C) Schizophreniform disorder

D) brief psychotic disorder

Answer 34

D) brief psychotic disorder

Question 35

category reserved for schizophrenia-like psychoses that last at least a month but do not last for 6 months and so do not warrant a diagnosis of schizophrenia

A) schizoaffective disorder

B) delusional disorder

C) Schizophreniform disorder

D) brief psychotic disorder

Answer 35

C) Schizophreniform disorder

Question 36

This diagnosis is conceptually something of a hybrid, in that it is used to describe people who have fea-tures of schizophrenia and severe mood disorder.

A) schizoaffective disorder

B) delusional disorder

C) Schizophreniform disorder

D) brief psychotic disorder

Answer 36

A) schizoaffective disorder

Question 37

The presence of one (or more) delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer

A) schizoaffective disorder

B) delusional disorder

C) Schizophreniform disorder

D) brief psychotic disorder

Answer 37

B) delusional disorder

Question 38

Psychosis is a striking and essential feature of schizophrenia. Psychosis means:

a tendency to be unpredictably violent.

significant loss of contact with reality.

an inability to know right from wrong.

an abrupt shift in personality from one pattern to another.

Answer 38

significant loss of contact with reality.

Question 39

The majority of cases of schizophrenia begin:
Group of answer choices

late adulthood or old age.

late adolescence or early adulthood.

late childhood or early adolescence.

there is no age where the majority of cases begin.

Answer 39

late adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 40

Delusions are:

perceptions with no basis in reality.

only seen in schizophrenia.

necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

disturbances in the content of thought.

Answer 40

disturbances in the content of thought.

Question 41

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a:

thought broadcasting delusion.

delusion of reference.

made feelings delusion.

thought insertion delusion.

Answer 41

delusion of reference.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenia?

Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head.

Ned believed he was Elvis.

Bill was convinced that his mother was inserting evil thoughts into his mind.

Rachel would frequently see her husband, even though he had been dead for several years.

Answer 42

Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head

Question 43

Julia clearly had psychotic symptoms. As she also showed symptoms of bipolar disorder, she was ultimately diagnosed with:

schizoaffective disorder.

schizophreniform disorder.

undifferentiated type.

residual type.

Answer 43

schizoaffective disorder.

Question 44

What is the major difference between a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder?

The presence of delusions and hallucinations.

The age of the person when they develop the disorder.

The degree of emotional instability and disconnection from other people.

The duration of symptoms.

Answer 44

The duration of symptoms.

Question 45

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life?
Group of answer choices

The flu virus may lie dormant in the brain until adolescence when it becomes active and initiates the degeneration that results in the symptoms of schizophrenia.

The flu exposure may alter the fetal genes such that a susceptibility to schizophrenia is now part of the child’s genetic makeup.

Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta such that the viral antibodies could interfere with the foetus’ brain development

The flu virus frequently has long-tern effects on the behaviour of affected individuals; maternal infection with influenza may result in an environment that is likely to trigger schizophrenia in the susceptible individual.

Answer 45

Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta such that the viral antibodies could interfere with the foetus’ brain development

Question 46

One aspect of family environment that has been found to be important in schizophrenia is:

the level of parental grief over their child’s illness.

the level of expressed emotion.

if the mother is cold and aloof.

if lots of double-bind communications are used.

Answer 46

the level of expressed emotion.

Question 47

Which of the following is true about second generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?

They work by decreasing frontal lobe activity.

They are more effective than first generation antipsychotics.

They prevent prenatal brain damage.

They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics.

Answer 47

They are no more effective than first generation antipsychotics.

Question 48

what is true relating to the role of dopamine in schizophrenia

A) Dopamine levels in people with schizophrenia are within the normal range

B) There is no evidence that people with schizophrenia have increased levels of dopamine

C) Dopamine has no role in the development of schizophrenia

D) Elevated dopamine levels are the sole cause of schizophrenia

Answer 48

B) there is no evidence that people with schizophrenia have increased levels of dopamine