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Abnormal Psychology > ~~~ W3 QUIZ > Flashcards

~~~ W3 QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

Joe experienced the unexpected death of his wife 6 months ago, who died in a car accident. He begun displaying excessive responses when startled, aggression and avoiding reminders of what happened, he also blamed himself for not being there to help her. His symptoms began within a few days of the accident and he continues to have intrusive reminders of the event. what would Joe be diagnosed with?

A) PTSD

B) acute stress disorder

C) depression

D) adjustment disorder

A

B) acute stress disorder

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2
Q

Mr A, a taxi driver witnessed two vehicles in front of him crash, where a large truck that was tailgating a SUV failed to brake at a red light and crushed the SUV. Mr A needed to stay and provide a witness statement and observed the procedure of medical staff removing the bodies from the SUV. From then on, whenever he sees a large vehicle from behind him, Mr. A would react immediately and experience elevated anxiety and his fear escalated to other aspects of driving which eventually affected his ability to drive and to be a passenger in a moving vehicle. He had intrusive recollections haunted him at night and nightmares. What would Mr A be diagnosed with?

A) PTSD

B) acute stress disorder

C) depression

D) adjustment disorder

A

A) PTSD

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3
Q

According to the text, the term “stress” will be used to refer to

a. only those external events in our lives that challenge us.

b. any positive demand made on an organism.

c. the effects of external stressors within the organism.

d. anything that makes us unhappy.

A

c. the effects of external stressors within the organism.

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4
Q

Distress is

a. seen when a situation is ambiguous.

b. a response to a happy life event.

c. the same thing as eustress.

d. a response to a negative event.

A

d. a response to a negative event.

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5
Q

Which of the following terms refers to efforts to deal with stress?

a. coping strategies

b. compensatory strategies

c. sublimation

d. projection

A

a. Coping strategies

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6
Q

What do positive and negative stressors have in common?

a. They usually last indefinitely.

b. Both occur without warning.

c. They have an equivalent potential for causing lasting damage.

d. Both tax one’s resources and coping skills.

A

d. Both tax one’s resources and coping skills.

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7
Q

In DSM-5, a new category has been added. What is this new category?

a. stress not specified

b. positive stressor disorders

c. stress and psychopathology

d. trauma- and stressor-related disorders

A

d. trauma- and stressor-related disorders

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8
Q

According to your textbook, which of the following is most stressful to people and animals?

a. constant stressors

b. predictable stressors

c. uncontrollable stressors

d. physical stressors

A

c. Uncontrollable stressors

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9
Q

Coping strategies are

a. efforts to deal with stress.

b. efforts to avoid conflict.

c. the same thing as eustress.

d. the dynamic interaction between the types of stressors and the person.

A

a. efforts to deal with stress.

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10
Q

Which of the following factors is linked to a person’s ability to cope better?

a. intelligence

b. social support

c. absence of the 5HT-TLPR gene

d. early life stress

A

b. social support

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11
Q

Stress tolerance is

a. a biological attribute

b. a pressure

c. a person’s ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired

d. a crisis for most people

A

c. a person’s ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired

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12
Q

Crisis is

a. a double avoidance conflict.

b. when the individual cannot make a decision.

c. an internal pressure.

d. when a stressful situation overwhelms the individual

A

d. when a stressful situation overwhelms the individual

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13
Q

What is not a key factor in making a stressor more serious?

a. how long it lasts

b. how severe it is

c. its type or category

d. how expected it is

A

c. its type or category

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14
Q

What is the difference between a stressor and a crisis?

a. There is no difference, these are just two words for the same thing.

b. While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises.

c. There is a biological response to stress, but not to crisis.

d. A stressor is an unexpected crisis.

A

b. While all crises are stressors, not all stressors are crises.

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15
Q

The development of new methods of coping

a. may be an outcome of a crisis.

b. always occurs when adaptive capabilities are exceeded.

c. increases the expectation of future failures.

d. is continuously needed as we face new stressors on a daily basis.

A

a. may be an outcome of a crisis.

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16
Q

Which of the following will lessen the impact of a stressful situation?

a. holding unrealistic expectations about the stressor

b. minimizing the use of social support

c. preparing for the stressor

d. being uncertain as to how long the stressor will persist

A

c. preparing for the stressor

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17
Q

Healthy psychological and physical functioning after a potentially traumatic event is called:

a. coping

b. resilience

c. compensation

d. adaptation

A

b. resilience

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17
Q

An individual with a high stress tolerance

a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.

b. is likely to be particularly vulnerable to slight frustration.

c. may feel threatened more readily than those with low stress tolerance.

d. is particularly vulnerable to acute stress disorder.

A

a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.

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17
Q

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor that increases resilience?

a. being female

b. being older

c. being African American

d. being Latino

A

b. being older

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18
Q

What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-or-flight response?

a. the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system

b. the cortex-thalamus cortisol system

c. the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system

d. the parasympathetic prefrontal cortex system

A

c. the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system

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19
Q

What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?

a. allostatic load

b. homeostatic load

c. sympathetic load

d. parasympathetic load

A

a. allostatic load

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20
Q

What is risk factor?

a. a variable that can occur within 6 months of a stressor

b. a variable that increases the risk of a specific negative outcome

c. a biological factor that increases resistance to disease

d. a reaction to a normal event

A

b. a variable that increases the risk of a specific negative outcome

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21
Q

Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD

a. have not been made.

b. indicate that most people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD.

c. demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.

d. find that it rarely exists as a comorbid condition.

A

c. demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.

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21
Q

In regards to stress research, a risk factor is

a. something about the nature of a stressor that makes it worse for most people.

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

c. something in a person’s learning experiences that makes that person a thrill seeker.

d. something in a person’s genetic makeup that makes that person respond well to stress.

A

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

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21
Q

According to the text, PTSD:

a. is a diagnosis that entered the DSM in 1990

b. has little preexisting vulnerabilities

c. has symptoms which tend to decrease with time in most people

d. is viewed as an abnormal response to a normal stressor

A

c. has symptoms which tend to decrease with time in most people

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21
Q

A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is

a. development of stress-related diseases.

b. reexperiencing of the traumatic event.

c. panic attacks when remembering the trauma.

d. depression.

A

b. re-experiencing of the traumatic event.

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22
Q

In the DSM-5, PTSD will become a part of a new diagnostic category called ________.

a. Anxiety Disorders

b. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

c. Depressive Disorders

d. Transient- and Chronic Distress Disorders

A

b. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

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23
Q

According to DSM-5, Acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when

a. the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience.

b. the symptoms last for more than 2 weeks.

c. the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.

d. the symptoms begin within 6 months of the trauma.

A

c. the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks.

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23
Q

“Combat exhaustion” is known as ________ today.

a. acute stress disorder

b. shell shock

c. PTSD

d. war neurosis

A

c. PTSD

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23
Q

Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it?

a. Because if we do not study it, we will not diagnose it.

b. Political lobbying requires the study of it.

c. Victims often feel guilt about their reaction to the trauma.

d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

A

d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

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24
Q

Which of the following is not considered a life change?

a. Being promoted

b. Being diabetic

c. Getting pregnant

d. A death in the family

A

b. Being diabetic

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24
Q

According to the text, a factor that does not make one stressor more serious than another includes________.

a. severity

b. chronicity

c. geographic region

d. how expected it is.

A

c. geographic region

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24
Q

Selye ________

a. recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress.

b. conducted extensive research on the effects of stress on the immune system.

c. failed to acknowledge the role of the environment in adapting to stress.

d. focused on the cognitive component of the stress response.

A

a. recognized that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress.

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25
Q

Who is likely to have the most severe stress?

a. Anne, who is planning her wedding

b. Bill, who has a deadline the next day for an important project

c. Lauren, who sees the aftermath of an accident

d. Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and
whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news

A

d. Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leaving him when he tells her the news

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26
Q

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale ________

a. examines the role that coping plays in dealing with life changes.

b. did not acknowledge that happy events create life changes and, as a consequence, stress.

c. is an imperfect means of quantifying the level of stress experience over a period of time.

d. has been used to demonstrate that life events and health are not related

A

c. is an imperfect means of quantifying the level of stress experience over a period of time.

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27
Q

A client is administered the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Which of the following would be measured?

a. Severe crises

b. Major life transitions

c. Availability of coping resources

d. Common, stressful life experiences

A

c. Availability of coping resources

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28
Q

The Life Events and Difficulty Schedule ________

a. is another name for the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

b. allows the rater to consider the person’s unique circumstances.

c. was developed prior to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

d. does not provide any more information than the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

A

b. allows the rater to consider the person’s unique circumstances

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29
Q

An individual with a high stress tolerance

a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.

b. is likely to be particularly vulnerable to slight frustration.

c. may feel threatened more readily than those with low stress tolerance.

d. is particularly vulnerable to acute stress disorder.

A

a. can function well in the face of a high level of stress.

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30
Q

What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?

a. allostatic load

b. homeostatic load

c. sympathetic load

d. parasympathetic load

A

a. allostatic load

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31
Q

What is risk factor?

a. a variable that can occur within 6 months of a stressor

b. a variable that increases the risk of a specific negative outcome

c. a biological factor that increases resistance to disease

d. a reaction to a normal even

A

b. a variable that increases the risk of a specific negative outcome

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32
Q

In regards to stress research, a risk factor is

a. something about the nature of a stressor that makes it worse for most people.

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

c. something in a person’s learning experiences that makes that person a thrill seeker.

d. something in a person’s genetic makeup that makes that person respond well to stress.

A

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

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33
Q

According to the text, PTSD:

a. is a diagnosis that entered the DSM in 1990

b. has little preexisting vulnerabilities

c. has symptoms which tend to decrease with time in most people

d. is viewed as an abnormal response to a normal stressor

A

c. has symptoms which tend to decrease with time in most people

34
Q

The stress glucocorticoid that is produced in humans is called ________.

a. adrenalin

b. estrogen

c. cortisol

d. repression

A

c. cortisol

35
Q

Cortisol ________

a. is always stable in humans.

b. does not respond to stress.

c. prepares the body for fight or flight.

d. prepares the body for sleep

A

c. prepares the body for fight or flight.

36
Q

Which of the following statements about stress is correct?

a. The response an individual will have to a stressor can be readily predicted.

b. Cognitive factors do not play a role in determining the severity of stress.

c. Some people are predisposed to respond poorly to demands.

d. Changes in the level of external supports one has are unrelated to stress reactions.

A

c. Some people are predisposed to respond poorly to demands.

37
Q

What is the name of the system that is designed to mobilize resources and prepare a fight-or-flight response?

a. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system

b. The cortex-thalamus cortisol system

c. The sympathetic-adrenomedullary system

d. The parasympathetic prefrontal cortex system

A

c. The sympathetic-adrenomedullary system

38
Q

What is the term for the biological cost of adapting to stress?

a. Allostatic load

b. Homeostatic load

c. Sympathetic load

d. Parasympathetic load

A

a. Allostatic load

39
Q

I often find that when I am ill, I am not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life. I find myself becoming irritated by things that I would usually be able to ignore. Which of the following would explain this phenomenon?

a. When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.

b. Major life changes may impair the ability to cope effectively with daily hassles.

c. During the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome illness becomes likely.

d. Allostatic load leads to psychological and biological vulnerability.

A

a. When using resources to deal with one stressor, the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.

40
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between the ___________.

a. nervous system and the immune system

b. psychological system and the nervous system

c. psychological system and the immune system

d. nervous system and the hypothalamic system

A

a. nervous system and the immune system

41
Q

Which of the following can cause stress-induced immunosuppression?

a. Serotonin

b. Adrenaline

c. GABA

d. Glucocorticoids

A

d. Glucocorticoids

42
Q

Which of the following is the biological cascade that is activated with prolonged stress?

a. The adrenal-hypothalamic-prefrontal axis

b. The cortical-thalamic-neural axis

c. The psycho-neuro-biological axis

d. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

A

d. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

43
Q

B-cells are ________

a. cells that engulf antigens.

b. cells that produce antibodies.

c. cells that harm the immune system.

d. cells that are antigens

A

b. cells that produce antibodies

44
Q

Which type of cells release interleukin?

a. B-cells

b. Macrophages

c. Red blood cells

d. Neurons

A

b. Macrophages

45
Q

Which is not a stressor linked to immunosuppression, according to the text?

a. Vacation

b. Sleep deprivation

c. Spaceflight

d. Death of a spouse

A

a. Vacation

46
Q

Which cytokine has been associated with depression and caring for family members with Alzheimer’s disease?

a. HIV

b. Adrenaline

c. GABA

d. Interleukin-6

A

d. Interleukin-6

47
Q

What is considered the “front line” of immune system defense?

a. Antigens

b. Cortisol

c. Leukocytes

d. Hypothalamus

A

c. Leukocytes

48
Q

The pituitary gland ________

a. controls the release of hormones by the hypothalamus.

b. is part of the immune system.

c. produces adrenalin.

d. is important to the release of stress hormones

A

d. is important to the release of stress hormones

49
Q

The field of psychoneuroimmunology ________

a. focuses on the relationship between stress and mental illness.

b. explores the neurological basis of autoimmune conditions.

c. seeks to establish a link between psychological functioning and vulnerability to illness.

d. examines the effects of stressors on the immune system.

A

d. examines the effects of stressors on the immune system.

50
Q

Prolonged stress leads to suppression of the immune system. What might explain the evolution of such a seemingly flawed reaction?

a. There is no reasonable explanation for this.

b. Susceptibility to disease would increase the likelihood of an early death.

c. Immune suppression has no lasting effects on overall health.

d. Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illnesses.

A

d. Such immune suppression might prevent the development of autoimmune illnesses.

50
Q

Work-related stress in the form a highly demanding job combined with ________ can elevate risk of coronary heart disease.

a. little opportunity for advancement

b. little decision-making control

c. a Type B personality

d. introversion

A

b. little decision-making control

50
Q

Stress slows the healing of wounds by as much as ___ to ___ percent.

a. 5; 10.

b. 12; 15.

c. 24; 40.

d. 55; 70.

A

c. 24; 40.

51
Q

What is Type D personality type?

a. The “depressed” type

b. The “dysfunctional” type

c. The “distressed” type

d. The “detached” type

A

c. The “distressed” type

52
Q

What seems to be the most important component for coronary heart disease in the Type A behavior pattern?

a. Hostility

b. Time urgency

c. Competitiveness

d. Work commitment

A

a. Hostility

52
Q

Clyde is unmarried and has few friends. Why is he at greater risk for developing coronary heart disease than the general population?

a. He is unlikely to seek help if he notices problems.

b. Social isolation has been associated with increased risk of the disease.

c. He has no knowledge of his problems.

d. He is socially awkward and thus has increased risks for disease.

A

b. Social isolation has been associated with increased risk of the disease.

53
Q

Stress tends to do what to telomeres?

a. Increases their strength

b. Decreases their strength

c. Increases their physical length

d. Decreases their physical length

A

d. Decreases their physical length

54
Q

In regards to stress research, a risk factor is ________

a. something about the nature of a stressor that makes it worse for most people.

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

c. something in a person’s learning experiences that makes that person a thrill seeker.

d. something in a person’s genetic makeup that makes that person respond well to stress.

A

b. something in a person’s history that makes that person more vulnerable to stress.

55
Q

People with heart disease are ____ times more likely than healthy people to be depressed.

a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five

A

b. three

56
Q

Sudden cardiac death is ______ times higher in men with high levels of anxiety.

a. two
b. four
c. six
d. eight

A

c. six

57
Q

Positive psychology is a school of thought that focuses on a person’s ________

a. strengths and virtues.

b. ability to achieve rewards.

c. mathematical abilities.

d. ability to distinguish right from wrong.

A

a. strengths and virtues.

58
Q

Which was not an effective treatment for stress-related disorders, according to your text?

a. Psychoanalysis

b. Emotional disclosure

c. Meditation

d. Biofeedback

A

a. Psychoanalysis

59
Q

What is the term for the procedure that aims to make a patient more aware of such things as their heart rate, level of muscle tension, or blood pressure?

a. Relaxation

b. Meditation

c. Hypnosis

d. Biofeedback

A

d. Biofeedback

60
Q

For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within __________ months of the stressor?

a. two

b. nine

c. three

d. six

A

c. three

61
Q

Approximately ____ percent of women develop PTSD over the course of their lives.

a. 5

b. 10

c. 15

d. 20

A

b. 10

61
Q

According to your textbook, what percentage of Army soldiers and Marines in Iraq report that they have been attacked or ambushed?
a. 56%
b. 63%
c. 77%
d. 92%

A

d. 92%

62
Q

During WWII, the descriptors of the traumatic reactions to combat conditions _________

a. emphasized that these were a product of organic processes.

b. placed too much emphasis on physical exhaustion.

c. did not differentiate these reactions from other
psychological problems, such as drug abuse.

d. were comparable to what is now called acute stress disorder.

A

b. placed too much emphasis on physical exhaustion

63
Q

It is believed that the incidence of combat exhaustion during WWII has been underestimated because _________

a. there was a debate as to how to differentiate between combat exhaustion and PTSD.

b. many men were treated in the field and never formally diagnosed.

c. those who were discharged for medical reasons were not counted when estimates were made.

d. many men who were diagnosed with the brain disorder “shell shock” were probably suffering from combat exhaustion.

A

b. many men were treated in the field and never formally diagnosed.

64
Q

Why should we study the causal factors in PTSD, since we already know traumatic events cause it?

a. Because if we do not study it, we will not diagnose it.

b. Political lobbying requires the study of it.

c. Victims often feel guilt about their reaction to the trauma.

d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

A

d. Because not everyone who is exposed to a trauma develops PTSD.

65
Q

Why is there such a high likelihood of long-lasting psychological problems resulting from active combat experiences?

a. Research has revealed that those who enlist are more likely to be emotionally unstable.

b. When task-oriented coping strategies are ineffective, emotional breakdown is inevitable.

c. Combat situations present highly stressful situations for which there may be no truly effective coping mechanisms.

d. Basic training is ineffective at preparing new recruits for any of the challenges they will likely face.

A

c. Combat situations present highly stressful situations for which there may be no truly effective coping mechanisms.

66
Q

Feelings of control over stressors _________

a. do not make a difference when it comes to extremely severe stressors like torture.

b. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long term.

c. can make people feel worse because they believe they should have been able to change what happened.

d. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be more affected by the stressor over the long term.

A

b. can make a difference even for victims of torture—if the person feels he or she has some control, he or she tends to be less affected by the stressor over the long term

67
Q

Which is an individual risk factor for developing PTSD?

a. Higher levels of social support

b. Having no family history of depression

c. Believing that their symptoms are a sign of personal strength

d. Being neurotic

A

d. Being neurotic

68
Q

The impact of torture _________

a. is always a severe level of PTSD.

b. can vary depending on the type of torture used.

c. can vary depending on if the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not.

d. depends on whether the person previously had another psychological disorder.

A

c. can vary depending on if the torture was perceived as uncontrollable or not.

69
Q

Having a history of psychological problems before going into combat _________

a. will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD.

b. will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD only if the combat situation is extreme.

c. sometimes increases risk of PTSD, but may lower it because the person is used to anxiety and copes automatically with it.

d. doesn’t have an impact on developing PTSD.

A

a. will make a soldier much more likely to develop PTSD.

70
Q

Based on occupation, which of the following would have the lowest rates of PTSD following rescue work during a major disaster?

a. Waitresses comforting the injured at the medical tent

b. Construction workers trying to clear rubble

c. Teachers asked to hold bandages in place

d. Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site

A

d. Police officers removing the seriously injured from the site

71
Q

Which of the following will lower a soldier’s risk of developing PTSD?
a. No prior experience in combat
b. Believing strongly in the goals of the combat
c. Whether he or she is in combat in a familiar country or not
d. Whether he or she talks about experiences

A

b. Believing strongly in the goals of the combat

72
Q

Stress-inoculation training _________
a. involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat and then applying these techniques to several different types of threats.
b. prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely to arise.
c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of any life challenge.
d. can be used to prepare for almost any disaster.

A

a. involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat and then applying these techniques to several different types of threats.

73
Q

For which of the following would the use of stress-inoculation training be most effective?
a. Preparing for chemotherapy
b. Dealing with the aftermath of a rape
c. Coping with the loss of a loved one
d. Minimizing the impact of losing one’s home, after it is lost

A

a. Preparing for chemotherapy

74
Q

Stress-inoculation training ________
a. has been employed in the military and been found to be ineffective.
b. prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely.
c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of an anticipated threat.
d. can be used to prepare for most any disaster.

A

c. is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of an anticipated threat.

75
Q

Short-term crisis therapy ________
a. typically consists of six to ten sessions.
b. rarely involves family members or other medical personnel.
c. begins with the assumption that the affected individual was functioning well before the current crisis.
d. is usually provided by a trained lay person.

A

c. begins with the assumption that the affected individual was functioning well before the current crisis.

75
Q

Arielle was in a terrible car accident in which several people were killed. A few weeks later, she began to talk about what happened. She told the story to anyone who would listen. This seems to be _________
a. a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience.
b. a maladaptive coping response that will heighten her distress.
c. a sign that she is beginning to develop PTSD.
d. a sign that she is in the shock stage of disaster syndrome.

A

a. a way to reduce anxiety and desensitize herself to the experience.

75
Q

Following a disaster, debriefing sessions _________
a. provide those involved with a chance to share their feelings and concerns.
b. are not necessary for experienced disaster workers.
c. tend to increase the anxiety felt by many victims.
d. should be conducted by professionals.

A

a. provide those involved with a chance to share their feelings and concerns

76
Q

Which of the following would be an example of prolonged exposure?

a. Mandy visited the accident site.

b. Carol considered ways in which she could make her apartment safer.

c. John planned a new route to work.

d. Chris learned judo.

A

a. Mandy visited the accident site.

77
Q

The medications used in the treatment of PTSD _________
a. are used to alter the stressful situation.

b. act to minimize the cognitive response to the stressor.

c. provide the client with a temporary escape from the trauma.

d. provide minimal benefits for treating PTSD

A

d. provide minimal benefits for treating PTSD

78
Q

Despite the many barriers to effectively researching the effectiveness of disaster responses, it has been found that _________

a. treatment benefits everyone.

b. a single debriefing session is always an effective “quick fix.”

c. cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated.

d. more study in this area is not needed as it is too expensive, too time consuming, and too subjective.

A

c. cognitive therapy reduces the PTSD symptoms of the majority of those who are treated.

79
Q

A significant drawback to the use of medication for PTSD is _________

a. it can work well during the day; however, the person often continues to have nightmares and sleep disturbances.

b. there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness.

c. it can make people overly sensitized to the “warning signs” of distress.

d. there are no significant drawbacks

A

b. there is still some doubt about the extent of its effectiveness.

80
Q

Virtual reality exposure treatment for PTSD has been shown to _________

a. have no effect on PTSD symptoms.

b. have a significant effect in increasing PTSD symptoms.

c. have a significant effect in decreasing PTSD symptoms.

d. have no scientific basis.

A

c. have a significant effect in decreasing PTSD symptoms.

81
Q

stress that results from doing an exam

A) excitement

B) anxiety

C) eustress

D) distress

A

D) distress

82
Q

type of stress that may occur after participating in a football game, even watching one

A) excitement

B) anxiety

C) eustress

D) distress

A

C) eustress

83
Q

according to the DSM, an adjustment disorder does NOT involve

A) bereavement

B) marked distress

C) significant impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning

D) identifiable stressors

A

A) bereavement

84
Q

according to the DSM, an essential feature of acute stress disorder involves:

A) development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 1 month after exposure to traumatic stressor.

B) development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 2 month after exposure to traumatic stressor.

C) development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 1 week after exposure to traumatic stressor.

D) development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 2 weeks after exposure to traumatic stressor.

A

A) development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 1 month after exposure to traumatic stressor.

85
Q

according to the DSM, the key features of adjustment disorder include

A) a maladaptive response to stressors that continue for at least 6 months

B) a maladaptive response to common stressors within 3 months of the stressor

C) represent symptoms of bereavement and dissociative reactions

D) Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s

A

B) a maladaptive response to common stressors within 3 months of the stressor

86
Q

the symptoms in adjustment disorder must cause significant clinical difficulties including marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity of the stress, after taking into account

A)

B)

C)

D) environmental and cultural factors

A

D) environmental and cultural factors

87
Q

which of the following is NOT included as part of the diagnostic criteria for PTSD

A) experiencing trauma by learning that the death of family or close friend was caused by accident

B) Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event

C) witnessing in person, a traumatic event happen to someone else

D) the response to the trauma must be marked by intense fear, helplessness or horror.

A

D) the response to the trauma must be marked by intense fear, helplessness or horror.

88
Q

which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of stress

A) severity

B) chronicity

C) timing

D) probability

A

D) probability

89
Q

Acute stress is _____stress. Chronic stress is ______stress.

A) long term ; short term

B) short term ; long term

C) sudden ; gradual

D) intense ; mild

A

B) short term ; long term

Abnormal Psychology (48 decks)

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