~~~ SCHIZOPHRENIA TEST BANK

Question 1

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by disturbances in

a) thought.
b) emotion.
c) behavior.
d) all of the above.

Answer 1

d) all of the above.

Question 2

The symptoms of schizophrenia can interfere with all of the following EXCEPT:

a) maintaining employment.
b) living independently.
c) having close relationships with other people.
d) all of the above.

Answer 2

d) all of the above.

Question 3

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is around __________ percent.

a) 1
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7

Answer 3

a) 1

Question 3

Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among:

a) men
b) women
c) African Americans
d) both men and African Americans

Answer 3

d) both men and African Americans

Question 4

Schizophrenia most commonly appears in

a) early childhood.
b) middle or late childhood.
c) adolescence or early adulthood.
d) late adulthood.

Answer 4

c) adolescence or early adulthood.

Question 4

Q
The DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia include all of the following categories EXCEPT:

a) delusions.
b) hallucinations.
c) forgetfulness.
d) disorganized speech.

Answer 4

c) forgetfulness.

Question 4

Symptoms of schizophrenia have been classified as

a) positive, neutral, and negative.
b) positive, negative, and disorganized.
c) organized, positive, and negative.
d) organized, disorganized, and negative.

Answer 4

b) positive, negative, and disorganized.

Question 5

A negative symptom of schizophrenia is

a) restricted affect.
b) asociality.
c) agitation.
d) both a and b.

Answer 5

d) both a and b.

Question 6

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:

a) hallucinations.
b) delusions.
c) excesses and distortions of emotion.
d) sociality

Answer 6

d) sociality

Question 7

An exaggerated sense of importance, power, knowledge, or identity is known as a

a) grandiose delusions.
b) hallucinations.
c) ideas of reference.
d) none of the above.

Answer 7

a) grandiose delusions.

Question 8

Those diagnosed with schizophrenia may believe that

a) thoughts have been placed inside their heads by outside sources.
b) their thoughts are being broadcasted or transmitted to others.
c) they are all-powerful and all-knowing.
d) all of the above.

Answer 8

d) all of the above.

Question 9

When a person incorporates unimportant events within a delusional framework and reads personal significance into trivial activities of others, it is called

a) grandiose delusions.
b) hallucinations.
c) ideas of reference.
d) absence of logic.

Answer 9

c) ideas of reference.

Question 10

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following EXCEPT:

a) avolition.
b) alogia.
c) anhedonia.
d) delusions.

Answer 10

d) delusions.

Question 10

In a large study, persecutory delusions were found among __________ percent of people with schizophrenia.

a) 25
b) 65
c) 75
d) 100

Answer 10

b) 65

Question 11

Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stimulation from the environment are called

a) delusions.
b) ideas of reference.
c) hallucinations.
d) flights of thought.

Answer 11

c) hallucinations.

Question 11

During an acute episode of schizophrenia, the most prominent symptom(s) is/are

a) disorientation.
b) positive symptoms.
c) difficulty concentrating.
d) inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

Answer 11

b) positive symptoms.

Question 12

When people with schizophrenia are hearing voices, one of the parts of the brain that appears to be activated is

a) the cerebellum.
b) the reticular formation.
c) Broca’s area.
d) Werner’s region

Answer 12

c) Broca’s area.

Question 13

Mark’s parents bring him to see a psychologist because they believe Mark is experiencing delusions. What piece of information would most indicate that Mark had schizophrenia and not some other diagnosis?

a) His delusions only come when his parents are around.
b) His delusions are highly implausible.
c) His delusions have persisted for more than 5 years.
d) His delusions involve other people

Answer 13

b) His delusions are highly implausible.

Question 14

The most common hallucinations experienced by those with schizophrenia are

a) visual.
b) tactile.
c) auditory.
d) olfactory.

Answer 14

c) auditory.

Question 14

Q
“When I am trying to relax and read a book, my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate.” This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom?

a) affective
b) motor
c) positive
d) negative

Answer 14

c) positive

Question 15

Among those with schizophrenia who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience

a) delusions of persecution.
b) thought broadcast.
c) delusions of impulses imposed by others.
d) hallucinations with the delusions

Answer 15

a) delusions of persecution.

Question 16

Carla has schizophrenia. Which of her symptoms is most likely to be present outside of an acute episode of schizophrenia?

a) Hearing a voice telling her she is not good at her job.
b) Thinking that her thoughts are being broadcast so others can read them.
c) Not showering for days on end.
d) None of the above.

Answer 16

c) Not showering for days on end.

Question 17

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

a) flat affect, lack of initiative
b) hallucinations and delusions
c) difficulty concentrating, low intelligence, poor memory
d) catatonic immobility, waxy flexibility

Answer 17

a) flat affect, lack of initiative

Question 18

Carlos has schizophrenia and is living with his parents. One of his symptoms is a difficulty initiating any activity, and once started, he is unable to finish. This is an example of

a) akathisia.
b) anhedonia.
c) avolition.
d) alogia.

Answer 18

c) avolition.

Question 19

The symptom alogia refers to lack of

a) intelligence.
b) energy and interest.
c) emotional response.
d) speech.

Answer 19

d) speech.

Question 20

Anhedonia as a symptom of schizophrenia refers to lack of

a) emotional expression.
b) interest or pleasure.
c) coherent speech.
d) speech.

Answer 20

b) interest or pleasure.

Question 21

James is struggling with schizophrenia. He also finds it difficult to experience pleasure from activities that he enjoyed before his symptoms began. This is an example of

a) alogia.
b) anhedonia.
c) avolition.
d) asociality.

Answer 21

b) anhedonia.

Question 22

When an individual with schizophrenia shows a blunted affect, that individual

a) does not experience emotions.
b) does not express emotions.
c) does not experience physiological arousal in emotionally intense situations.
d) all of the above.

Answer 22

b) does not express emotions.

Question 23

Roger has a vacant stare. He answers questions in an apathetic, monotone voice, and shows no emotion, even when discussing such events as his mother’s death. Roger’s affect would be described as

a) depressed.
b) inappropriate.
c) blasé.
d) flat or blunted.

Answer 23

d) flat or blunted.

Question 24

“My thoughts get all jumbled up. I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence, I find myself talking about something else instead.” This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

a) delusions
b) loose associations
c) alogia
d) avolition

Answer 24

b) loose associations

Question 25

James suffers from schizophrenia and flails his limbs wildly with excitement. This is most appropriately labeled as

a) catatonia.
b) mania.
c) hallucinations.
d) delusions.

Answer 25

a) catatonia.

Question 26

Mr. Hart spends long hours sitting in a chair with his arms behind his back and his left leg tucked under. No matter what is going on around him, he remains in this position. This is an example of which symptom of schizophrenia?

a) somatic passivity
b) anhedonia
c) catatonic immobility
d) inappropriate affect

Answer 26

c) catatonic immobility

Question 27

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed, she giggled quietly. This is an example of

a) flat blunted affect.
b) inappropriate affect.
c) anhedonia.
d) incoherence.

Answer 27

b) inappropriate affect

Question 28

When someone with schizophrenia has trouble performing daily living tasks or dressing normally, or acts in a silly manner, it is referred to as

a) disorganized behavior.
b) disorganized reactivity.
c) avolition.
d) blunted behavior.

Answer 28

a) disorganized behavior.

Question 29

Emil Kraepelin and __________ initially formulated the concept of schizophrenia.

a) Eugen Bleuler
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Jerome Welchup
d) none of the above

Answer 29

a) Eugen Bleuler

Question 30

What is the term for the style of family interaction that is characterized hostility and criticism toward the individual with schizophrenia?
A.high aggravated affect
B. high inflated emotion
C. high expressed irritation
D. high expressed emotion

Answer 30

D. high expressed emotion

Question 31

The most recent research suggests that the symptoms of schizophrenia are due to _____.
A. too much dopamine
B. too little dopamine
C. excess dopamine activity in some parts of the brain, but unusually low dopamine activity in others

Answer 31

C. excess dopamine activity in some parts of the brain, but unusually low dopamine activity in others

Question 31

Which of the following have been implicated as causal factors in schizophrenia?
A. perinatal hypoxia
B. gestational diabetes
C. viral infection during the mother’s pregnancy
D. perinatal hypoxia and viral infection during the mother’s pregnancy

Answer 31

D. perinatal hypoxia and viral infection during the mother’s pregnancy

Question 31

Stan believes that the sprinkler system contains hidden cameras that are monitoring his behavior. This belief is a delusion of _____.
A. grandeur
B. persecution
C. reference
D. being controlled

Answer 31

B. persecution

Question 32

What is the name for the feeling of agitation, or motor restlessness, that is a side effect of antipsychotic medication?
A. dyskinesia
B. akathesia
C. avolition
D. catatonia

Answer 32

B. akathesia

Question 33

Your sister has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She will have the lowest likelihood of relapse if __________.
A. She takes antipsychotic medication only
B. Your family participates in family therapy only
C. She takes antipsychotic medication and your family participates in family therapy

Answer 33

C. She takes antipsychotic medication and your family participates in family therapy

Question 34

Amy believes that God sends her messages through the TV. The fast food commercials are a sign from God about what she should eat each day. Amy’s belief is a ______.
A. hallucination
B. delusion of grandeur
C. negative symptom
D. delusion of reference

Answer 34

D. delusion of reference

Question 35

Among individuals with schizophrenia, the prefrontal cortex _____.
A. Is larger and shows more activity
B. Is smaller and shows less activity
C. Is larger and show less activity
D. Is smaller and shows more activity

Answer 35

B. Is smaller and shows less activity

Question 36

Schizophrenia is_________ researched and _________ understood.

a. widely; well
b. widely; not well
c. sparsely; very well
d. sparsely; poorly

Answer 36

b. widely; not well

Question 37

During an acute episode of schizophrenia, the most prominent symptom(s) is/are

a. disorientation.
b. positive symptoms.
c. difficulty concentrating.
d. inability to bathe and take care of personal business.

Answer 37

b. positive symptoms.

Question 38

The following are examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

a. social support, physical health
b. low activity level, lack of intense emotional responses
c. hallucinations and delusions
d. coping skills, which are different for different individuals and help them to manage their illness

Answer 38

c. hallucinations and delusions

Question 39

Mark’s parents bring him to see a psychologist because they believe Mark is experiencing delusions. What piece of information would most indicate that Mark had schizophrenia and not some other diagnosis?

a. His delusions only come when his parents are around.
b. His delusions are highly implausible.
c. His delusions have persisted for more than 5 years.
d. His delusions involve other people.

Answer 39

b. His delusions are highly implausible.

Question 40

Among schizophrenics who suffer from delusions, a large majority experience

a. delusions of persecution.
b. thought broadcast.
c. delusions of impulses imposed by others.
d. hallucinations with the delusions.

Answer 40

a. delusions of persecution.

Question 41

When I am trying to relax and read a book, my father puts his thoughts into my head so that I cannot concentrate.” This statement by a schizophrenic patient is an example of what type of symptom?

a. affective
b. motor
c. positive
d. negative

Answer 41

c. positive

Question 42

The symptom alogia refers to lack of

a. intelligence.
b. energy and interest.
c. emotional response.
d. meaningful talk.

Answer 42

d. meaningful talk.

Question 43

Roger has a vacant stare. He answers questions in an apathetic, monotone voice, and shows no emotion, even when discussing events such as his mother’s death. Roger’s affect would be described as

a. depressed.
b. inappropriate.
c. blase.
d. flat.

Answer 43

d. flat.

Question 44

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following? “I was just walking and there are wolves. When it’s colder than ice cream. But I’m not fat. I go to school in the mountains.”

a. hallucinations
b. anhedonia
c. loose associations
d. inappropriate affect

Answer 44

c. loose associations

Question 45

“My thoughts get all jumbled up. I start thinking or talking about one thing but then by the time I get to the end of the sentence, I find myself talking about something else instead.” This is an example of which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

a. delusions
b. loose associations
c. alogia
d. avolitions

Answer 45

b. loose associations

Question 46

Which subtype of schizophrenia is characterized by unusual physical activity from not moving for hours to wild excitement and flailing about?

a. disorganized
b. paranoid
c. catatonic
d. undifferentiated

Answer 46

c. catatonic

Question 46

When Marcia heard that her favorite cat had been hit by a car and killed, she giggled quietly. This is an example of

a. flat affect.
b. inappropriate affect.
c. anhedonia.
d. incoherence.

Answer 46

b. inappropriate affect.

Question 47

Which is required as part of the DSM-IV definition of schizophrenia?

a. acute onset of symptoms
b. symptoms for at least six months
c. family history of schizophrenia
d. dopamine imbalance

Answer 47

b. symptoms for at least six months

Question 48

Howard had a psychotic episode following the death of his wife. He had hallucinations in which he would hear her speaking to him, telling him to kill himself. Howard developed elaborate delusions about his ability to communicate with his wife’s spirit. Howard recovered from this episode after one week. What DSM-IV diagnosis would fit Howard’s case?

a. schizophreniform disorder
b. brief psychotic disorder
c. reactive schizophrenia
d. process schizophrenia

Answer 48

b. brief psychotic disorder

Question 49

Which is a problem with the subtypes of schizophrenia in DSM?

a. They are not clearly defined.
b. They each have different responses to treatment.
c. Each one describes a broad range of behaviors.
d. The symptoms overlap.

Answer 49

d. The symptoms overlap.

Question 50

Sam has a delusion that the Queen of England is in love with him. He does not have any other symptoms. His most likely diagnosis would be

a. schizophreniform disorder.
b. schizoaffective disorder.
c. delusional disorder.
d. bipolar disorder with delusions.

Answer 50

c. delusional disorder.

Question 51

harvey has bizarre ideas, believing, for example, that his arms are decomposing. He has frequent hallucinations in which he sees his arms losing flesh and believes this is punishment for having brushed up against a strange woman in a store several years before. Harvey has completely neglected his personal hygiene, never bathing or putting on clean clothes. He seems unaware of what is going on around him, frequently laughing and giggling for no apparent reason. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Harvey?

a. undifferentiated schizophrenia
b. paranoid schizophrenia
c. disorganized schizophrenia
d. catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 51

c. disorganized schizophrenia

Question 52

Bill believes that he is an important spy for an underground militia, on a mission to investigate the military activities in his town. He spends most of his time devising ways to tap into the phone lines of the government office near his home, and at precisely 5:10 every afternoon, he stands outside his home facing to the west, believing that in this way he is transmitting information to his bosses in the militia’s hometown. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Bill?

a. catatonic schizophrenia
b. disorganized schizophrenia
c. paranoid schizophrenia
d. undifferentiated schizophrenia

Answer 52

c. paranoid schizophrenia

Question 53

If an individual with paranoid schizophrenia is described as having ideas of reference, this means that he or she

a. becomes extremely jealous with little provocation.
b. views trivial events or actions to be of great personal significance.
c. has an exaggerated sense of his or her own importance.
d. believes that everything he or she thinks can be heard by others.

Answer 53

b. views trivial events or actions to be of great personal significance.

Question 54

Of schizophrenic symptoms, the ones with the higher genetic component are

a. negative symptoms.
b. delusions.
c. positive symptoms.
d. persecution delusions.

Answer 54

a. negative symptoms.

Question 55

Which of the following is a limitation of both family studies and twin studies of schizophrenia?

a. Both methods employ self-report measures only.
b. Both methods use too broad a definition of schizophrenia.
c. Neither method accounts for the role of shared-environment.
d. Neither method distinguishes between subtypes of schizophrenia.

Answer 55

c. Neither method accounts for the role of shared-environment.

Question 56

Studies of children whose mothers had schizophrenia but were raised by adopted parents indicate

a. that there is not a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
b. that there is a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.
c. that children who were adopted into homes with low EE were more likely to develop schizophrenia.
d. These studies have been inconclusive.

Answer 56

b. that there is a strong genetic factor in the development of schizophrenia.

Question 57

The genetic data for schizophrenia is still not completely conclusive as

a. the role of the environment has not been completely accounted for.
b. the distinction between genotype and phenotype has not been elucidated.
c. stressors during birth have not been investigated.
d. most adoptive parents know the child had a schizophrenic relative.

Answer 57

b. the distinction between genotype and phenotype has not been elucidated.

Question 58

Results of linkage analysis studies of schizophrenia point to

a. a genetic diathesis for positive symptoms.
b. the need to refine the definition of schizophrenia.
c. a single recessive gene.
d. no firm conclusions.

Answer 58

d. no firm conclusions.

Question 59

Since the symptoms of schizophrenia are so heterogeneous, it is likely that

a. schizophrenia is genetically homogeneous.
b. positive and negative symptoms are due to the same underlying causes.
c. schizophrenia is caused by a dysregulation of dopamine.
d. schizophrenia is genetically heterogeneous.

Answer 59

d. schizophrenia is genetically heterogeneous.

Question 60

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the influence of genetics on the development of schizophrenia?

a. Schizophrenia is almost entirely caused by stressors in the environment.
b. Schizophrenia is almost entirely caused by genetic factors.
c. Genetic transmission of schizophrenia is only found when the child is also raised by a disturbed parent.
d. Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of a genetic predisposition and some environmental stressors.

Answer 60

d. Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of a genetic predisposition and some environmental stressors.

Question 61

The text concludes that research has shown that genetic factors in schizophrenia are

a. not yet distinguished from environmental factors.
b. primarily linked to positive symptoms.
c. only weak contributors at best.
d. clearly important.

Answer 61

d. clearly important.

Question 62

Which of the following findings led to the conclusion that schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine activity?

a. Parkinson’s disease is known to be caused by excess levels of dopamine.
b. People with Parkinson’s disease are more likely to develop schizophrenia.
c. Drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side-effects similar to Parkinson’s disease.
d. All of the above are correct findings.

Answer 62

c. Drugs that relieve schizophrenic symptoms have side-effects similar to Parkinson’s disease.

Question 63

Indirect support for the dopamine theory of schizophrenia arose from

a. cases of amphetamine psychosis.
b. the finding of higher levels of homovanillic acid in the blood of schizophrenics.
c. the development of catatonia when psychotic episodes end.
d. blockage of dopamine reuptake by antipsychotic medications.

Answer 63

a. cases of amphetamine psychosis.

Question 64

Congenital factors in schizophrenia are suggested by data showing increased risk of schizophrenia in children whose mothers __________ while pregnant.
a) were exposed to the flu
b) were highly stressed
c) drank excessively
d) had a protein-deficient diet

Answer 64

a) were exposed to the flu

Question 65

This theory proposes that during the course of their developing illness, people with schizophrenia may drift into poor neighborhoods because their illness impairs their earning power and they cannot afford to live elsewhere.
a) schizophrenogenic mother theory.
b) sociogenic hypothesis.
c) social selection theory.
d) social trend hypothesis.

Answer 65

c) social selection theory.

Question 66

According to the family theory of schizophrenia, a schizophrenogenic mother would be described as

a) overly warm and subtly seductive.
b) also having schizophrenia.
c) emotionally cold and domineering.
d) carrying a recessive gene for schizophrenia.

Answer 66

c) emotionally cold and domineering.

Question 67

Research investigating the role of the family in schizophrenia best supports the

a) expressed emotion theory.
b) triangulation theory.
c) dopamine theory.
d) schizophrenogenic mother theory.

Answer 67

a) expressed emotion theory.

Question 68

A problem with any kind of treatment for schizophrenia is that

a) they rarely help.
b) some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all
c) the disorder is biologically based, so only medications can help.
d) all therapies are upsetting to patients.

Answer 68

b) some people with schizophrenia lack insight into their impaired condition and refuse any treatment at all

Question 69

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a theory regarding the
development of schizophrenia?

a. Excessive elimination of synaptic connections in the developing brain.
b. Brain injury early in development that does not result in symptoms until later in development.
c. Viral infection that affects the unborn child during gestation.
d. Extreme reactions to trauma that result in significant brain changes.

Answer 69

d. Extreme reactions to trauma that result in significant brain changes.

Question 70

Family therapies have each of the following features in common EXCEPT:
a. education about schizophrenia.
b. information about antipsychotic medication.
c. hopelessness.
d. communication and problem-solving skills within the family.

Answer 70

c. hopelessness.

Question 71

Michael suffers from schizophrenia and was recently released from the hospital. Which of his symptoms are most likely to elicit critical comments from his family when he returns home?

a. Believing that NASA has planted a tracking device in his head.
b. Sitting on the couch for most of the day and refusing to go for walks with his mother, an activity he greatly enjoyed before his hospitalization.
c. Hearing a voice telling him to kill his family.
d. Wearing a winter coat, galoshes, and a ski mask while inside the house.

Answer 71

b. Sitting on the couch for most of the day and refusing to go for walks with his mother, an activity he greatly enjoyed before his hospitalization.

Question 72

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between EE (expressed emotion) and unusual thoughts in a person with schizophrenia?

a. Critical comments made by family members lead a person with schizophrenia to have more unusual thoughts.
b. Unusual thoughts by the patient lead the family of a person with schizophrenia to be more critical.
c. Both a and b.
d. Neither a nor b.

Answer 72

c. Both a and b.

Question 73

Before their first psychotic break, pre-schizophrenic children were found to:

a. have lower IQ’s than their peers.
b. be more disagreeable.
c. have poor motor skills.
d. All of the above are correct.

Answer 73

d. All of the above are correct.

Question 74

Research examining childhood predictors of schizophrenia would employ which of the following research methods?

a. case study
b. epidemiological
c. correlational
d. high-risk

Answer 74

d. high-risk

Question 75

Patients whose schizophrenia is characterized primarily by negative symptoms

a. had more expressive behavioral problems in youth.
b. had more complications during pregnancy.
c. were more likely to have academic difficulties.
d. were treated for severe anemia as children.

Answer 75

b. had more complications during pregnancy.

Question 76

Data from high-risk studies suggests that patients with positive symptom
schizophrenia had childhoods characterized by

a. pregnancy and birth complications.
b. schizophrenogenic mothers.
c. family instability.
d. antisocial behavior.

Answer 76

c. family instability.

Question 77

In predicting later behavioral problems among patients with schizophrenia,

a. neurobehavioral functioning was highly predictive.
b. behavioral problems in early childhood only were most predictive.
c. intellectual functioning was not predictive.
d. none of these choices are correct.

Answer 77

a. neurobehavioral functioning was highly predictive.

Question 78

In the classic behavior therapy study with hospitalized patients with
schizophrenia, it was found that

a. routine hospital management decreased negative symptoms only.
b. social learning theory decreased the need to prescribe medication.
c. milieu therapy, although less effective, was not as upsetting to patients.
d. no therapy improved functioning.

Answer 78

b. social learning theory decreased the need to prescribe medication.

Question 79

A token economy is based on ____________ theory and was ______ to milieu-therapy in decreasing symptoms of schizophrenia.

a. cognitive; superior
b. interpersonal; similar
c. behavioral; superior
d. bargaining; similar

Answer 79

c. behavioral; superior

Question 80

Dr. Smith, a psychiatrist, specializes in treating schizophrenia. When a patient is non-compliant with treatment, what reason is Dr. Smith most likely to hear?

a. “Your medications have never helped me and will never help me at all.”
b. “I like going to therapy more than coming to get medications.”
c. “I want to go back to the hospital, so I’m not going to take my medications so that you can re-admit me.”
d. “I’m not sick - there’s nothing wrong with me.”

Answer 80

d. “I’m not sick - there’s nothing wrong with me.”

Question 81

The traditional drugs for treating schizophrenia

a. enable schizophrenics to adjust to hospital life.
b. commonly produce depressive side-effects.
c. generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
d. are effective with less than half of schizophrenics.

Answer 81

c. generally only reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 82

What is the current view regarding drugs in treating schizophrenia?

a. Recent advances have eliminated almost all side effects for patients.
b. Recent advances now let most schizophrenics live normal lives.
c. Despite side effects, they are an indispensable part of treatment.
d. Persistent side effects have made them a treatment of last resort.

Answer 82

c. Despite side effects, they are an indispensable part of treatment

Question 83

For which of the following reasons do patients with schizophrenia typically stop taking medication when they are discharged from the hospital?

a. The side effects are unpleasant.
b. Their psychiatrist determines that their illness is improved sufficiently so that they do not need to take daily medications.
c. Their after-care programs emphasize psychological treatments and discourage reliance on medication, which is seen as a “crutch.”
d. They prefer their hallucinations to the monotony of daily existence.

Answer 83

a. The side effects are unpleasant.

Question 84

Extrapyramidal side effects primarily affect __________ functioning.

a. visual
b. auditory
c. motor
d. cognitive

Answer 84

c. motor

Question 85

Gary was effectively treated for schizophrenia using Navane, an antipsychotic medication. Following such benefits, the next part of treatment will likely be

a. switching him to a long-lasting antipsychotic.
b. tapering his doses until he no longer needs the medication.
c. entering family therapy.
d. continuing taking Navane, but changing to a maintenance dose.

Answer 85

d. continuing taking Navane, but changing to a maintenance dose.

Question 86

Connie is a 47-year-old woman with schizophrenia. She has recently begun taking Haldol (a neuroleptic), but her family recently read about extrapyramidal side effects and has raised their concern with her psychiatrist. What would be the optimal course of action for the psychiatrist to take?

a. Reassure the family, since these side effects are rare and easily reversed when the medication is withdrawn.
b. Keep the dosage low and have medication holidays where Connie does not take the drug for periods of time when she is doing well.
c. Try one of the newer drugs for treating schizophrenia that do not have these side effects.
d. Discontinue the drug immediately; the psychiatrist is out of date in his or her training and should not have prescribed this medication.

Answer 86

c. Try one of the newer drugs for treating schizophrenia that do not have these side effects.

Question 87

Sam is being treated with medication for schizophrenia. He involuntarily smacks his lips and seems unable to control his motor movements. Sam most probably is suffering from

a. extrapyramidal side effects.
b. tardive dyskinesia.
c. dystonia.
d. neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 87

b. tardive dyskinesia.

Question 88

Clozapine, a newer medication for schizophrenia, has which dangerous potential side effect that requires close monitoring during administration?

a. a sudden decrease in liver functioning.
b. deterioration of spinal fluid integrity.
c. loss of white blood cells.
d. decreased insulin production.

Answer 88

c. loss of white blood cells.

Question 89

Research has shown that people being treated with some of the newer antipsychotic medications are less likely to drop out of treatment. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact?

a. The newer medications are far more effective than the older medications which encourage people to continue to take their medication.
b. The newer medications increase insight. That is, people taking the medications realize that they are sick and need the drugs.
c. Compared to the older antipsychotics, the newer drugs can be discontinued after achieving the desired therapeutic gain.
d. Compared to the older antipsychotics, the newer drugs have less extreme and intrusive side effects.

Answer 89

d. Compared to the older antipsychotics, the newer drugs have less extreme and intrusive side effects.

Question 90

Atyical antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine or olanzapine

a. have no side effects.
b. commonly cause tardive dyskinesia.
c. are related to the development of diabetes.
d. are often used in conjunction with traditional antipsychotics.

Answer 90

d. are often used in conjunction with traditional antipsychotics.

Question 91

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. African American patients are more likely to be prescribed atypical antipsychotics than traditional antipsychotics.
b. African Americans appear to suffer fewer side effects from traditional antipsychotics than do whites.
c. The U.S. has an excellent track record of providing equal mental health treatment across different ethnic groups.
d. There is less research on schizophrenia across ethnic groups than other DSM- IV diagnoses.

Answer 91

d. There is less research on schizophrenia across ethnic groups than other DSM- IV diagnoses.

Question 92

What is MATRICS?

a. The set of chromosomes in which researchers believe the schizophrenia genes are located.
b. A collaborative project aimed at developing new medications for schizophrenia.
c. A new type of antipsychotic medication.
d. A set of neurological tests for examining the cognitive functioning of people with schizophrenia.

Answer 92

b. A collaborative project aimed at developing new medications for schizophrenia.

Question 93

The first person to use psychotherapy in treating people with schizophrenia was

a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Emil Kraepelin.
c. Harry Stack Sullivan.
d. Aaron Beck.

Answer 93

c. Harry Stack Sullivan

Question 94

Corrinne is receiving psychological therapy for schizophrenia. A major focus has been upon practicing more effective methods for dealing with others, as well as basic life skills such as ordering in restaurants, filling out applications for employment, and reading train schedules. She is likely receiving

a. ego-analysis.
b. psychoeducation.
c. social skills training.
d. token economy.

Answer 94

c. social skills training.

Question 95

what is a goal of recent family therapy efforts with the families of individuals with
schizophrenia?

a. To provide insight into family patterns that produced the schizophrenia.
b. To relieve guilt and help family shield the schizophrenic from social disgrace.
c. To encourage the family to support more independence for the person with schizophrenia.
d. To teach constructive ways of expressing feelings and resolving conflicts.

Answer 95

d. To teach constructive ways of expressing feelings and resolving conflicts.

Question 96

Psychotherapy with the families of individuals with schizophrenia includes a focus on

a. behavior change techniques.
b. education about schizophrenia.
c. not having more children.
d. increasing family time together.

Answer 96

b. education about schizophrenia.

Question 97

Family therapy with families of individuals with schizophrenia commonly emphasizes

a. discouraging inappropriate behavior.
b. education about schizophrenia.
c. minimizing use of drugs.
d. genetic counseling.

Answer 97

b. education about schizophrenia.

Question 98

Families with a schizophrenic member are now encouraged to

a. begin preventive efforts, since other family members are likely to develop schizophrenia themselves without early intervention.
b. place their mentally ill family member in long-term, out-of-home care.
c. join support groups and organizations for the mentally ill, to help reduce stigma and isolation.
d. All of the above are encouraged

Answer 98

c. join support groups and organizations for the mentally ill, to help reduce stigma and isolation.

Question 99

Cognitive enhancement therapy seeks to

a. enhance basic cognitive functions for people with schizophrenia.
b. challenge belief structures.
c. incorporate the family members of people with schizophrenia into CBT treatment.
d. All of the above are correct.

Answer 99

a. enhance basic cognitive functions for people with schizophrenia.

Question 100

In some studies, cognitive training therapies for people with schizophrenia

a. appear to be as effective as psychoanalysis.
b. appear to be effective for improving cognitive abilities in African Americans.
c. appear to be helpful in reducing EE.
d. appear to be effective for improving cognitive abilities, as well as improving symptoms, but their findings are limited to white males.

Answer 100

d. appear to be effective for improving cognitive abilities, as well as improving symptoms, but their findings are limited to white males.

Question 101

Corrinne is receiving a newer psychological therapy for her schizophrenia. Here, she is being taught that many emotional reactions that she receives from members of her family and friends may be inappropriate. As part of this, she is taught muscle relaxation, and then practices applying these skills when faced with inappropriate emotional responses. This is also known as

a. personal therapy.
b. family therapy.
c. ego-analysis.
d. biofeedback.

Answer 101

b. family therapy.

Question 102

Focusing on cognitions in people with schizophrenia

a. was thought to be of great importance in the past.
b. can lead to changes in their beliefs.
c. has not been tested empirically to detect if there is any benefit in treatment.
d. None of the above are correct.

Answer 102

b. can lead to changes in their beliefs.

Question 103

After being discharged from the hospital, case management for people with schizophrenia

a. is typically conducted by a team.
b. does not reduce time spent in the hospital.
c. improves social functioning.
d. All of the above are correct.

Answer 103

a. is typically conducted by a team.

Question 104

Research has made specific recommendations regarding what doses of
medications to use in treating schizophrenia. In actual practice

a. most do not receive medication in the recommended range.
b. although most receive the recommended dosages while hospitalized, compliance is not monitored after discharge.
c. a small percentage receives doses that are approximately twice the recommended dose.
d. None of the above choices are correct.

Answer 104

a. most do not receive medication in the recommended range.

Question 105

Which of the following is not mentioned in the text as an ongoing issue in the care of schizophrenic patients?

a. ending employment
b. preventing substance abuse
c. building satisfying social relationships.
d. dealing with daily stressors

Answer 105

c. building satisfying social relationships.

Question 106

. Which of the following is an ongoing issue in the care of patients with
schizophrenia?

a. preventing substance abuse
b. reconnecting patients with their friends
c. obtaining affordable long-term residential treatment
d. protecting communities from their persons

Answer 106

a. preventing substance abuse

Question 107

Halfway houses have been found to have what effect on the aftercare of patients with schizophrenia?

a. There has been little appreciable effect for patients with schizophrenia.
b. It is most helpful for patients who do not have significant negative symptoms.
c. There is a positive effect overall.
d. There is little benefit as staff is frequently preoccupied with fears of layoffs.

Answer 107

c. There is a positive effect overall.

Question 108

Halfway houses are typically staffed by

a. clinical psychologists.
b. graduate students.
c. undergraduate psychology majors.
d. All of the above could be on staff at a halfway house.

Answer 108

d. All of the above could be on staff at a halfway house.

Question 109

One of the biggest challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia is

a. ensuring that patients receive adequate dosages of their medications.
b. finding psychologists who are willing to work with people with schizophrenia.
c. helping people with schizophrenia express their emotions and desires.
d. getting people with schizophrenia to move out of residential treatment programs.

Answer 109

a. ensuring that patients receive adequate dosages of their medications.

Question 109

Remaining challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia include

a. integrating medical and psychoanalytic practices.
b. school-based prevention programs.
c. improving the quality of care.
d. making care affordable.

Answer 109

c. improving the quality of care.

Question 110

avolition characteristics

A) Little insight, poor judgement.

B) Reduced cognition.

C) Diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions.

D) social withdrawal.

Answer 110

A) Little insight, poor judgement.

Question 111

alogia characteristics

A) Little insight, poor judgement.

B) Reduced cognition.

C) Diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions.

D) social withdrawal.

Answer 111

B) Reduced cognition.

Question 112

asociality characteristics

A) Little insight, poor judgement.

B) Reduced cognition.

C) Diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions.

D) social withdrawal.

Answer 112

D) social withdrawal.

Question 113

anhedonia characteristics

A) Little insight, poor judgement.

B) Reduced cognition.

C) Diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions.

D) social withdrawal.

Answer 113

C) Diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions.

Question 114

why do researchers suspect that a dysfunction in glutamate transmission might be involved in schizophrenia

A) those with schizophrenia have high levels of glutamate and when given

B) Abnormalities in glutamate transmission have no relevance to schizophrenia.

C) PCP and ketamine block glutamate and induces or exacerbates symptoms similar to those found in schizophrenia

D) none of the above

Answer 114

C) PCP and ketamine block glutamate and induces or exacerbates symptoms similar to those found in schizophrenia

Question 115

what does the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia propose

AA) Dopamine imbalance is the sole cause of symptoms

B) Symptoms and cognitive impairment are due to hypofunction of NMDARs and excessive glutamate release

C) GABAergic dysfunction is the primary factor

D) Schizophrenia is exclusively caused by genetic factors

Answer 115

B) Symptoms and cognitive impairment are due to hypofunction of NMDARs and excessive glutamate release