~~~ W1 Quiz

Question 1

which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?

A) suffering

B) maladaptiveness

C) deviancy

D) there is no single sufficient element

Answer 1

D) there is no single sufficient element

Question 2

Brett persistently injects himself with painkillers. This has greatly increased his chance of overdosing and dying. His behaviour harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Brett’s behaviour consistent with the definition of a mental disorder?

A) Yes, because many people in society engage in this behaviour.

B) Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him.

C) No, because his behaviour must also harm the well-being of others in the community.

D)
No, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control.

Answer 2

B) Yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the DSM?

A) A complete guide to the origin, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

B) A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known.

C)
A fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders.

D) A collection of random opinions to diagnosing mental disorders.

Answer 3

B) A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently know

Question 4

Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders?

A) A classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat.

B) When a label is used to describe an individual’s behavior, information about the person is lost.

C) A classification system allows for research to advance.

D) Identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment.

Answer 4

B) When a label is used to describe an individual’s behavior, information about the person is lost

Question 5

Dr. Fox studies the causes of depression. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the ________ of depression.

A) etiology

B) epidemiology

C) prevalence

D) resiliency

Answer 5

A) etiology

Question 6

Dr. Simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia’s current state of depression?

Intense psychotherapy.

A prolonged vacation.

A combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs.

Family therapy and a change in her work environment.

Answer 6

A combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs.

Question 7

Which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology?

Biological

Behavioural

Psychodynamic

Sociocultural

Answer 7

Psychodynamic

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding assessment is true?

Assessment should focus only on the client’s current level of functioning.

An adequate assessment includes a determination of the amount of danger the client poses to himself and others.

An adequate assessment should include as much information as possible.

Assessment should focus on biological concerns rather than social concerns.

Answer 8

An adequate assessment should include as much information as possible.

Question 9

Under what circumstances is a structured interview most likely to be used?

When consistent information is needed for research purposes.

When an accurate diagnosis is needed to ensure appropriate treatment.

When the behavior of the client is erratic.

When the information provided in an unstructured interview is found to lack reliability.

Answer 9

When consistent information is needed for research purposes.

Question 10

The DSM acknowledges that:

the classification system has low reliability.

medical insurance dictates how most clinicians make a diagnosis.

most clinicians do not agree with the DSM system.

a DSM diagnosis is only the first step, much more is needed to determine treatment.

Answer 10

a DSM diagnosis is only the first step, much more is needed to determine treatment.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of family aggregation?

A. Both Jane and her husband are alcoholic

B. Jim and John, 21-year-old friends, are both schizophrenic

C. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

D. Kim’s suicide was apparently a reaction to her mother’s abuse

Answer 11

C. Karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

Question 12

The fact that body piercings are commonplace today, while they would once have been viewed as abnormal, illustrates that:

a) modern society is unlikely to change.

b) what is acceptable for men and women is no longer different.

c) American culture values independence.

d) the values of a society may change over time

Answer 12

d) the values of a society may change over time

Question 13

In the field of abnormal psychology, what does DSM stand for?

a) Disorders, Science, and the Mind

b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

c) Descriptors for the Science of the Mind

d) Diagnostic Science of the Mind

Answer 13

b) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

Question 14

Which of the following most accurately describes the notion of different viewpoints of abnormal behaviour?

a) Each viewpoint accurately describes the causes and symptoms of two or three different disorders.ect

b) Each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behaviour.

c) All viewpoints are equally valid.

d) Only the biological viewpoint has been studied experimentally

Answer 14

b) Each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behaviour.

Question 15

Behaviorism was ________

a) a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.

b) a reaction to the lack of moral and spiritual factors in most theories at the time.

c) an attempt to focus on the thinking styles of people with mental illness.

d) a spin-off theory that elaborated on the psychoanalytic viewpoint

Answer 15

a) a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.

Question 16

The central principle of classical conditioning is that ________

a) after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response.

b) we repeat those actions that we see others engage in.

c) the consequences of behaviour influence its likelihood of being repeated

d) the interaction of genetics and social factors best explains human behaviour

Answer 16

a) after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response.

Question 17

While having a gene for Parkinson’s disease guarantees that Parkinson’s disease will develop, this is not the only factor that can lead to Parkinson’s disease. In other words, the presence of the gene is a ________, but not a ________.

a) risk factor; sufficient cause

b) sufficient cause; necessary cause

c) necessary cause; risk factor

d) contributory cause; sufficient cause

Answer 17

b) sufficient cause; necessary cause

Question 18

Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ________

a) effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding.

b) classification of disorders cannot be done without such information.

c) such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.

d) disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology

Answer 18

c) such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.

Question 19

Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true?

a) The gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia.

b) There are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia.

c) Most people with schizophrenia will have that gene.

d) A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

Answer 19

d) A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

Question 20

Reuptake of neurotransmitters is the process by which neurotransmitters ________

a) are repeatedly released into the synapse.

b) are reabsorbed by the axon.

c) stimulate the post-synaptic neuron to fire.

d) are connected to hormones

Answer 20

b) are reabsorbed by the axon.

Question 21

The humanistic perspective focuses primarily upon the capacity of the individual to ________

a) confront the dilemma of our deaths.

b) be driven by unconscious motives.

c) rationally explain our behaviour.

d) engage in positive self-growth.

Answer 21

d) engage in positive self-growth.

Question 22

Learning not to do something because you are punished when you do it is an example of ________

a) classical conditioning.

b) generalization.

c) instrumental conditioning.

d) observational learning.

Answer 22

c) instrumental conditioning.

Question 23

Which parental style is characterised by warmth, control, and communication?

a) Authoritarian

b) Permissive/indulgent

c) Authoritative

d) Neglectful-uninvolved

Answer 23

c) Authoritative

Question 24

Children from lower-SES families ________

a) are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher-SES families.

b) show no signs of ill effects if there is an increase in SES before age 5.

c) are not affected by SES status unless persistent employment is the reason for the economic hardships of the family.

d) are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Answer 24

d) are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Question 25

Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that ________

a) depression is a common response to life challenges in all countries studied.

b) stress rarely leads to any evidence of illness in non-Western cultures.

c) responses to stress vary cross-culturally.

d) culture-specific reactions are not seen to respond to alterations in the environment.

Answer 25

c) responses to stress vary cross-culturally.

Question 26

Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behaviour suggest that ________

a) these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures.

b) parental styles make no difference in rates of different behaviour problems—they seem to be primarily genetic.

c) parental styles make no difference in rates of different behaviour problems—they seem to be independent of culture.

d) all cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behaviour problem.

Answer 26

a) these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures.

Question 27

Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ________

effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding.

classification of disorders cannot be done without such information.

such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.

disagreements about the causes of psychopathology have long limited the advancements made in the study of abnormal psychology.

Answer 27

such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible.

Question 27

Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true?

The gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia.

There are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia.

Most people with schizophrenia will have that gene.

A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

Answer 27

A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic.

Question 28

Dr. Simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia’s current state of depression?

Intense psychotherapy.

A prolonged vacation.

A combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs.

Family therapy and a change in her work environment.

Answer 28

A combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs.

Question 29

Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behaviour suggest that ________

these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures.

parental styles make no difference in rates of different behaviour problems—they seem to be primarily genetic.

parental styles make no difference in rates of different behaviour problems—they seem to be independent of culture.

all cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behaviour problem.

Answer 29

these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures.

Question 30

Each of the psychological perspectives on human behavior—psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral—contributes to our understanding of psycho-pathology, what is one limitation of these perspectives

A) They offer overly simplistic explanations for complex disorders.

B) None alone can account for the complex variety of human maladaptive behaviors.

C) They rely too heavily on biological factors and ignore environmental influences.

D) They focus exclusively on observable behaviors, neglecting internal mental processes.

Answer 30

B) none alone can account for the complex variety of human maladaptive behaviors.

Question 31

if a child internalises images of her punishing father and she becomes self critical due to those images, thereby influencing her behaviour. what perspective is this

A) attachment

B) interpersonal

C) object relations

D) ego psychology

Answer 31

C) object relations

Question 32

According to this view, psychopathology develops when the ego does not function adequately to control or delay impulse gratification or does not make adequate use of defense mechanisms when faced with internal conflicts.

A) attachment

B) interpersonal

C) object relations

D) ego psychology

Answer 32

D) ego psychology

Question 33

from this perspective, people are inherently social beings motivated primarily by the desire to belong to and participate in a group.

A) attachment

B) interpersonal

C) object relations

D) ego psychology

Answer 33

B) interpersonal

Question 34

emphasizes social and cultural forces rather than inner instincts as determinants of behavior

A) attachment

B) interpersonal

C) object relations

D) ego psychology

Answer 34

B) interpersonal

Question 35

a perspective that has its roots in the interpersonal and object-relations perspectives

A) attachment theory

B) cognitive perspective

C) psychosocial

D) ego psychology

Answer 35

A) attachment theory

Question 36

sees the infant as playing a more active role in shaping the course of his or her own development

A) attachment theory

B) cognitive perspective

C) psychosocial

D) ego psychology

Answer 36

A) attachment theory