EMT Vocabulary 12-21 Flashcards
Herpes Simplex (12)
Virus caused by human herpes virus 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose location depends on the type of virus. Type 2 results in blisters on the genital area, while type 1 results in blisters in non genital areas
Index of suspicion
Awareness that unseen life threatening injuries or illness may exist
Medical emergencies
Life threats that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force
Meningitis
An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium
Nature of illness
the general type of illness a patient is experiencing
SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms
Trauma emergencies
Injuries that are the result of physical forces applied to the body
Tuberculosis
A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys
Virulence
The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease
Acidosis (13)
The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness
Adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales
Alkalosis
The buildup of excess base in the body fluids (lack of acids)
Allergen
A substance that causes an allergic reaction
Anaphylaxis
An extreme, life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
Asthma
An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucous production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages
Atelectasis
Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
Bronchial breath sounds
Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than two years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and , depending on its cause, sometimes fever
Carbon dioxide retention
A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion
Chronic bronchitis
Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
Common cold
A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose
Croup
An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children
Diphtheria
An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx
Dyspnea
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Embolus
A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage
Emphysema
A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of COPD
Epidemic
Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is expected, based on recent experience
Epiglottitis
A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction
Hay fever
An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis
Hyperventilation
Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal
Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)
This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths per minute or as low as only 20 very deep breaths per minute
Hypoxia
A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen
Hypoxic drive
Backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall
Influenza type A
A virus that has crossed the animal/human varrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain
Meningococcal meningitis
An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious
Metered dose inhaler (MDI)
A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body; it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route and is particularly dangerous because of its resistance to methicillin
Oxygenation
The process of delivering oxygen to the blood
Pandemic
An outbreak that occurs on a global scale
Pertussis (whooping cough)
An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than six years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a whoop sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection
Pleural effusion
A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung
Pleuritic chest pain
Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened y a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura
Pneumonia
An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue
Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung
Pneumothorax
A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space
Pulmonary edema
A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure
Pulmonary embolism
A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lungs, causing obstruction of blood flow
Rales
Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passage; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets
Rhonchi
Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucous in the airways
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Potentially life threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms
Small volume nebulizer
A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma
Stridor
A harsh, high pitched breaking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction
Tuberculosis
A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to many antibiotics. TB is spread by cough
Vesicular breath sounds
Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli
Wheezing
A high pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Aorta (14)
The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body
Aortic aneurysm
A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture
Aortic valve
The one way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves
Arrhythmia
An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm
Asystole
The complete absence of heart electrical activity
Atherosclerosis
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
Atrium
One of two upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left receives blood from the pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle
Automaticity
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food
Bradycardia
A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute
Cardiac arrest
A state in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart
Cardiogenic shock
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions
Cardiac output
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs
Coronary arteries
The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle
Defibrillate
To shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat
Dependent edema
Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues, a possible sign of congestive heart failure
Dilation
Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery
Dissecting aneurysm
A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers
Hypertensive emergency
An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm
Infarction
Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply
Inferior
The part of the body or any body part nearer to the feet
Ischemia
A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred
Lumen
The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure
Myocardium
The heart muscle
Occlusion
A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel
Parasympathetic nervous system
The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation
Perfusion
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels
Posterior
The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position