EMT Vocabulary 12-21 Flashcards

1
Q

Herpes Simplex (12)

A

Virus caused by human herpes virus 1 and 2, characterized by small blisters whose location depends on the type of virus. Type 2 results in blisters on the genital area, while type 1 results in blisters in non genital areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Index of suspicion

A

Awareness that unseen life threatening injuries or illness may exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Medical emergencies

A

Life threats that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Meningitis

A

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nature of illness

A

the general type of illness a patient is experiencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trauma emergencies

A

Injuries that are the result of physical forces applied to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Virulence

A

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acidosis (13)

A

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alkalosis

A

The buildup of excess base in the body fluids (lack of acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

An extreme, life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Asthma

A

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucous production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than two years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bronchitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and , depending on its cause, sometimes fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Common cold

A

A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Croup

A

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Diphtheria

A

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Epidemic

A

Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is expected, based on recent experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hay fever

A

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

A

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths per minute or as low as only 20 very deep breaths per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Hypoxia

A

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

Backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Influenza type A

A

A virus that has crossed the animal/human varrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Meningococcal meningitis

A

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body; it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route and is particularly dangerous because of its resistance to methicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than six years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a whoop sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened y a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Pneumonia

A

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Pneumonitis

A

Inflammation of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lungs, causing obstruction of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Rales

A

Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passage; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucous in the airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

Potentially life threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Small volume nebulizer

A

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high pitched breaking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A disease that can lay dormant in a person’s lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to many antibiotics. TB is spread by cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Wheezing

A

A high pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Aorta (14)

A

The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Aortic aneurysm

A

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Aortic valve

A

The one way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Asystole

A

The complete absence of heart electrical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Atrium

A

One of two upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left receives blood from the pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Bradycardia

A

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

A state in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Cardiac output

A

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Coronary arteries

A

The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Defibrillate

A

To shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Dependent edema

A

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues, a possible sign of congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Dilation

A

Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Dissecting aneurysm

A

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Hypertensive emergency

A

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Infarction

A

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Inferior

A

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Ischemia

A

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Lumen

A

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Myocardium

A

The heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Occlusion

A

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Perfusion

A

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Posterior

A

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

91
Q

Superior

A

The part of the body or any body part nearer to the head

92
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (fight or flight)

93
Q

Syncope

A

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

94
Q

Tachycardia

A

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats per minute

95
Q

Thromboembolism

A

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream

96
Q

Ventricle

A

One of two lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and delivers blood to the aorta. The right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery

97
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Disorganized, ineffective twitching of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

98
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest

99
Q

Aneurysm (15)

A

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall

100
Q

Aphasia

A

The inability to understand and/or produce speech

101
Q

Aura

A

A sensation experienced prior to a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur

102
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function. Also called a stroke

103
Q

Coma

A

A state of profound unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused

104
Q

Dysarthria

A

Slurred speech

105
Q

Embolus

A

Clotting that forms in a remote area and travels to the site of blockage

106
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children

107
Q

Generalized seizure

A

A seizure characterized by sever twitching of all of the body’s muscles that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as a grand mal seizure

108
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness on one side of the body

109
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

ONe of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

110
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

A condition characterized by a low blood glucose level

111
Q

Incontinence

A

Loss of bowel and/or bladder control; may be the result of a generalized seizure

112
Q

Ischemia

A

A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that causes them to not function properly

113
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel

114
Q

Partial seizure

A

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain

115
Q

Postictal state

A

A period following a seizure that lasts between 5 and 30 minutes; characterized by labored respiration and some degree of altered mental status

116
Q

Seizure

A

Generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness; a convulsion

117
Q

Status epilepticus

A

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last more than 30 minutes

118
Q

Stroke

A

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

119
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

120
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

A type of seizure that feature rhythmic back and forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

121
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

122
Q

Acute abdomen (16)

A

A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis, immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary

123
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

124
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

125
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

126
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls

127
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

128
Q

Guarding

A

Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall; an effort to protect the inflamed abdomen

129
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

130
Q

ileus

A

Paralysis of the bowel, arising from any one of several causes; stops contractions that move material through the intestine

131
Q

Kidney stones

A

Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts of uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract

132
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

133
Q

Peritoneum

A

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum)

134
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

135
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located

136
Q

Strangulation

A

Complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

137
Q

Uremia

A

Severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood. Eventually brain functions will be impaired

138
Q

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

An infection, usually of the lower urinary tract that occurs when normal flora bacteria enter the urethra and grow

139
Q

Acidosis (17)

A

A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body

140
Q

Aplastic crisis

A

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells; typically caused by infection

141
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin

142
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

143
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body

144
Q

Endocrine system

A

Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis

145
Q

Glucose

A

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

146
Q

Hematology

A

The study and prevention of blood related disorders

147
Q

Hemolytic crisis

A

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body’s ability to create new cells

148
Q

Hemophilia

A

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

149
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

150
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

An abnormally high glucose level in the blood

151
Q

Hyperglycemic crisis

A

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia

152
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

An abnormally low glucose level in the blood

153
Q

Hypoglycemic crisis

A

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status

154
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus

155
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body

156
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake, often the result of excessive urination

157
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger

158
Q

Polyuria

A

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine

159
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped

160
Q

Splenic sequestration crisis

A

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease

161
Q

Thrombophilia

A

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation

162
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

163
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in childhood and requires synthetic insulin for proper treatment and control

164
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

The type of diabetic disease that typically develops in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

165
Q

Vaso-occlusive crisis

A

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

166
Q

Allergens (18)

A

Substances that cause an allergic reaction

167
Q

Allergic reaction

A

The body’s exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent

168
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

An extreme, life threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

169
Q

Envenomation

A

The act of injecting venom

170
Q

Epinephrine

A

A substance produced by the body (aka adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharmaceutical companies that increases pulse rate and blood pressure; the drug of choice for an anaphylactic reaction

171
Q

Histamines

A

Substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation

172
Q

Immune response

A

The body’s response to a substance preceived by the body as foreign

173
Q

Immune system

A

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease causing agents

174
Q

Immunology

A

The study of the body’s immune system

175
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions

176
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway

177
Q

Toxin

A

A poison or harmful substance

178
Q

Urticaria

A

Small spots of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives

179
Q

Wheal

A

A raised, swollen, well defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

180
Q

Wheezing

A

A high pitched, whistling breath sound, usually caused by a constriction of the smaller tubes of the lungs and typically heard on expiration

181
Q

Addiction (19)

A

A state of overwhelming obsession or physical need to continue the use of a drug or agent

182
Q

Antidote

A

A substance that is used to neutralize or counteract a poison

183
Q

Delirium tremens (DTs)

A

A severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation, agitation, and seizures; can be fatal if untreated

184
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

185
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Agents that produce false perceptions in any one of the five senses

186
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

187
Q

Hypnotic

A

A sleep inducing effect or agent

188
Q

Ingestion

A

Swallowing; taking a substance by mouth

189
Q

Opioids

A

Any drug or agent with actions similar to morphine

190
Q

Overdose

A

An excessive quantity of a drug which, when taken or administered, can have toxic or lethal consequences

191
Q

Poison

A

A substance whose chemical action could damage structures or impair function when introduced into the body

192
Q

Sedative

A

A substance that decreases activity and excitement

193
Q

Stimulant

A

An agent that produces an excited state

194
Q

Substance abuse

A

The misuse of any substance to produce some desired effect

195
Q

Tolerance

A

The need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

196
Q

Toxicology

A

The study of toxic or poisonous substances

197
Q

Toxin

A

A poison or harmful substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants

198
Q

Vomitus

A

Vomited material

199
Q

Activities of daily living (20)

A

The basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day, such as eating, dressing, and bathing

200
Q

Agitated delirium

A

A condition of disorientation, confusion, and possible hallucinations coupled with purposeless, restless physical activity

201
Q

Altered mental status

A

A change in the way a person thinks and behaves that may signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body

202
Q

Behavior

A

How a person functions or acts in response to his or her environment

203
Q

Behavioral crisis

A

The point at which a person’s reactions to events interfere with activities of daily living; this becomes a psychiatric emergency when it causes a major life interruption, such as attempted suicide

204
Q

Depression

A

A persistent mood of sadness, despair, and discouragement; may be a symptom of many different mental and physical disorders, or it may be a disorder on its own

205
Q

Functional disorder

A

A disorder in which there is no known physiologic reason for the abnormal functioning of an organ or organ system

206
Q

Organic brain syndrome

A

Temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiologic functioning of brain tissue

207
Q

Psychiatric disorder

A

An illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms and/or impairment in functioning caused by a social, psychological, genetic, physical, chemical, or biologic disturbance

208
Q

Psychiatric emergency

A

An emergency in which abnormal behavior threatens a person’s own health and safety or the health and safety of another person, for example when a person becomes suicidal, homicidal, or has a psychotic episode

209
Q

Psychosis

A

A mental disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality

210
Q

Bacterial vaginosis (21)

A

An overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina; characterized by itching, burning, or pain, and possibly a fishy smelling discharge

211
Q

Cervix

A

The lower third, or neck, of the uterus

212
Q

Chlamydia

A

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

213
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

The tubes that connect each ovary with the uterus and are the primary location for fertilization of the ovum

214
Q

Gonorrhea

A

A sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

215
Q

Labia majora

A

Outer fleshy lips covered with pubic hair that protect the vagina

216
Q

Labia minora

A

Inner fleshy lips devoid of pubic hair that protect the vagina

217
Q

Ovaries

A

The primary female reporductive organs that produce an ovum, or egg, that if fertilized, will develop into a fetus

218
Q

Ovulation

A

The process in which an ovum is released from a follicle

219
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

An infection of the fallopian tubes and the surrounding tissues of the pelvis

220
Q

Perineum

A

The area of skin between the vagina and the anus

221
Q

Rape

A

Sexual intercourse inflicted forcibly on another person, against that person’s will

222
Q

Uterus

A

The muscular organ where the fetus grows, also called the womb; responsible for contractions during labor

223
Q

Vagina

A

The outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive system; the lower part of the birth canal