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From Flashcardlet > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the intervertebral joint?

A

Symphysis joint (secondary cartilaginous joint)

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2
Q

Where do the vertebral bodies articulate with one another in an intervertebral joint?

A

They don’t articulate directly - both are connected to each other by an intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What type of joint is a facet joint?

A

Synovial plane joint

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4
Q

Where does a facet joint articulate?

A

Articular processes of the two adjacent vertebrae

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5
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the costovertebral joints?

A

Superior and inferior costal facet or demifacet with the superior and inferior articular facets of the head of the rib

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6
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the costotransverse joints?

A

Transverse facet and articular facet of the tubercle

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7
Q

What is the type of movement allowed due to?

A

Orientation of articular processes and facets

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8
Q

What movement is primary in the thoracic region?

A

Rotation

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9
Q

What movement is primary in the lumbar region?

A

Flexion/extension

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10
Q

What vertebrae have mammillary processes?

A

lumbar

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11
Q

Where is the mammillary process?

A

Bump on superior articular process laterally

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12
Q

What muscle attaches to the mammillary process?

A

Multifidus

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13
Q

What is the sacral canal analogous to?

A

Vertebral foramen of fused sacral vertebrae

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14
Q

What surface on the sacrum articulates with the ilium?

A

Auricular surface

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15
Q

What condition results in the slipping of L5 off of S1?

A

Spondylolisthesis

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16
Q

What is PSIS?

A

Posterior superior iliac spine

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17
Q

What is PIIS?

A

Posterior inferior iliac spine

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18
Q

Where are the PSIS and PIIS?

A

Just above the auricular surface (lateral surface of ilium)

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19
Q

What kind of joint are the auricular articulations?

A

Synovial with hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

What other kind of joints are present near the auricular surface?

A

Syndesmoses on the posterior iliac tuberosities

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21
Q

What landmarks are posterior on the rib?

A

Head, neck, tubercle

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22
Q

Where do ribs articulate with vertebral bodies?

A

Superior and inferior articular facets on head

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23
Q

Where do ribs articulate with vertebral transverse processes?

A

Articular facet of the tubercle

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24
Q

What does the angle of the rib mark?

A

Where the rib turns anterolaterally and the limit for attachment of the deep back muscles

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25
Q

What articular surfaces does a rib articulate with twice?

A

Superior costal and transverse costal facets

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26
Q

Where does the 3rd rib articulate?

A

Inferior costal facet of T2

Superior and transverse costal facets of T3

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27
Q

What bone does the acromion articulate with?

A

Acromial end of the clavicle

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28
Q

What is the vertebral level of the superior angle of the scapula?

A

T2

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29
Q

What is the vertebral level of the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

T7

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30
Q

What is another name for the superficial fascia?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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31
Q

What is the regional term for the deep fascia?

A

Thoracolumbar

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32
Q

Where is the thoracolumbar fascia attached?

A
  • Medially to spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
  • Laterally to the angles of the ribs
  • Inferiorly to ilium
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33
Q

What is the function of the deep fascia?

A

Provides for muscle attachment of the superficial fascia

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34
Q

Where is the thoracolumbar fascia thicker?

A

Thins out superiorly, thicker inferiorly

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35
Q

Trapezius superior origin/insertion

A

O: Superior nuchal line, C1-C7
I: Lateral third of clavicle

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36
Q

Trapezius middle origin/insertion

A

O: T1-T4
I: Acromion

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37
Q

Trapezius inferior origin/insertion

A

O: T5-T12
I: Scapular spine

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38
Q

Latissimus dorsi vertebral origin

A

T7 - T12

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39
Q

Latissimus dorsi scapular origin

A

Inferior angle of scapula

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40
Q

Latissimus dorsi costal origin

A

9 - 12th ribs

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41
Q

Latissimus dorsi iliac origin

A

Iliac crest

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42
Q

Latissimus dorsi insertion

A

Floor of inter tubercular groove of humerous

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43
Q

Rhomboid major origin/insertion

A

O: T1 - T4
I: Medial border of scapula inferior to scapular spine

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44
Q

Rhomboid minor origin/insertion

A

O: inferior end nuchal ligament C6 - C7
I:Medial border of scapula superior to scapular spine

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45
Q

Levator scapulae origin/insertion

A

O: transverse process C1- C4
I: Medial border of scapula from superior angle to spine

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46
Q

Serratus posterior superior origin/insertion

A

O: Nuchal ligament, C7 - T3 spinous processes
I: 2 - 4th ribs

47
Q

Serratus posterior inferior origin/insertion

A

O: Spinous processes of T11 - L2
I: 8 - 12th ribs

48
Q

What is the common origin for the erector spinae group?

A

Broad tendon:

  • Iliac crest
  • Posterior sacrum
  • Sacro-iliac ligaments
  • Sacral and lumbar spinous processes
  • Supraspinous ligament
49
Q

What is the groove in which the erector spinae group lie in?

A

Either side of vertebral column between spinous process and angles of the ribs

50
Q

What muscles consist of the erector spinae group?

A
  • Spinalis
  • Longissimus
  • Iliocostalis
51
Q

What are the different groups of each erector spinae muscles named for?

A

Their regional insertion attachments

52
Q

Spinalis cervicis insertion?

A

C2 - C5 spinous processes

53
Q

Spinalis thoracic insertion

A

T2 - T8 spinous processes

54
Q

Longissimus thoracis insertion

A

2 - 12th ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

55
Q

Longissimus cervicis insertion

A

C2 - C5

56
Q

Longissimus capitis insertion

A

Mastoid process

57
Q

Iliocostalis lumbar insertion

A

6 - 12th ribs, lumbar vertebrae

58
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis insertion

A

1 - 6th ribs

59
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis insertion

A

C4 - C6

60
Q

Where is the transversospinal group?

A

Deep to erector spinae

61
Q

What groove do the transversospinal group muscles lie in?

A

Between transverse and spinous processes

62
Q

What are the muscles of the transversospinal group?

A
  • Semispinalis
  • Multifidus
  • Rotatores
63
Q

Semispinalis cervicis origin/insertion

A

O: T1 - T6
I: C2 - C5

64
Q

Semispinalis capitis origin/insertion

A

O: C4 - T7
I: Nucal lines of occipital bone

65
Q

Multifidus origin/insertion

A

O: Posterior sacrum, iliac spine, mammillary processes
I: C2 - Sacrum transverse and spinous processes

66
Q

How many vertebrae do multifidus skip?

A

2 - 4 vertebrae

67
Q

Rotatores longus origin/insertion

A

O: T1 - T12 transverse processes
I: Lamina and transverse processes, spinous processes

68
Q

How many vertebrae do rotatores longus skip?

A

1 - 2 vertebrae

69
Q

Rotatores brevis origin/insertion

A

O: T1 - T12 transverse processes
I: Lamina and transverse processes, spinous processes

70
Q

How many vertebrae do rotatores brevis skip?

A

Attach to adjacent vertebrae - don’t skip

71
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory (CN XI), C3-C4 cervical plexus

72
Q

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve C7 - C8

73
Q

Innervation of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5

74
Q

Innervation of rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5

75
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5

76
Q

Innervation of serratus posterior superior

A

anterior rami of 2 - 5th intercostal nerves

77
Q

Innervation of serratus posterior inferior

A

anterior rami of9 - 12th intercostal nerves

78
Q

Innervation of erector spinae group

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

79
Q

Innervation of transversospinal group

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

80
Q

What is the orientation of the erector spinae?

A

Superolateral

81
Q

What is the orientation of the transversospinal group?

A

Superomedial

82
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve?

A

Rhomboid major, minor, and levator scapulae

83
Q

Which muscles of the back are innervated by anterior rami?

A

Serratus posterior superior and inferior

84
Q

Which muscles of the back are innervated by the posterior rami of the spinal nerves?

A

Erector spinae and transversospinal groups

85
Q

What is the action of the superior trapezius?

A

Elevates scapula

Upward rotation of scapula

86
Q

What is the action of the middle trapezius?

A

Retraction (medial movement) of scapula

87
Q

What is the action of the inferior trapezius?

A

Depresses scapula

88
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends arm
Rotates arm medially
Downward rotation of scapula

89
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

Elevates scapula
Retracts scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

90
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

Elevates scapula
Retracts scapula
Downward rotation of scapula

91
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula

Downward rotation of scapula

92
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Proprioception

93
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

Proprioception

94
Q

What is the action of the erector spinae group?

A 
Extension of the vertebral column (Bilaterally)
Ipsilateral flexion (unilaterally)
95
Q

What is the action of the transversospinal group?

A 
Extension of the vertebral column (Bilaterally)
Ipsilateral flexion (unilaterally)
Contralateral rotation (unilaterally)
96
Q

What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

97
Q

What cranial nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?

A

CN XI

98
Q

What is the path of the spinal accessory nerve?

A
  • Rootlets of Cervical
  • Enters foramen magnum
  • Exits jugular foramen
  • Descends along internal carotid
99
Q

Where is the spinal accessory nerve seen in the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Lateral cervical region

100
Q

Where is the spinal accessory nerve seen in the trapezius?

A

Deep to trapezius

101
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid minor and major

102
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular nerve arise from?

A

Anterior ramus of C5 spinal nerve

103
Q

What muscles does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

104
Q

Where does the thoracodorsal nerve arise from?

A

Posterior cord of brachial plexus C6 - C8

105
Q

What is the nerve path for the thoracodorsal nerve?

A

Descends along posterior wall of axilla and enters the medial surface of latissimus dorsi

106
Q

How does the scapula provide the maximal amount of movement for the arm?

A

It is not an actual joint - it glides over the muscles of the back

107
Q

What are the borders of the inferior lumbar triangle?

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • External oblique
108
Q

Why is the inferior lumbar triangle clinically significant?

A

Herniations

109
Q

What are the borders of the superior lumbar triangle?

A
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Internal oblique
  • 12th rib
110
Q

What are the borders of the triangle of auscultation?

A
  • Medial border of scapula
  • Inferior border of trapezius
  • Superior border of latissimus dorsi
111
Q

What is significant about triangles in the body?

A

An area of a deficit of muscle

112
Q

What is clinically significant about the triangle of auscultation?

A

Listen to lungs with stethoscope

113
Q

When is the triangle of auscultation best exposed?

A

When patient folds arms across chest and flexes trunk

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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