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From Flashcardlet > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebrae have bifid spinous processes?

A

C2 - C7

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2
Q

Where is the groove for the vertebral artery?

A

Posterior aspect of C1

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3
Q

Where is the articular facet for the dens?

A

The anterior aspect of C1

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4
Q

What is the other term for the dens?

A

Odontoid process

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5
Q

Where is the dens?

A

Anterior aspect of C2

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6
Q

What vertebrae have median and lateral joints?

A

Medial and lateral atlantoaxial joints

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7
Q

What kind of joints are intervertebral joints?

A

Symphyses

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8
Q

Which vertebrae have uncinate processes?

A

C3 - C7

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9
Q

Where are uncovertebral joints?

A

Between uncinate process below and the uncus above

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10
Q

What is important about the occipital condyles?

A

Where the atlas articulates

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11
Q

Where is the basilar part of the occipital bone?

A

Anterior to foramen magnum

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12
Q

What attaches the the nuchal lines?

A

Semispinalis attachment makes a line by pulling on the periosteum - superior and inferior lines = superior and inferior limits of semispinalis

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13
Q

What is the splenius deep to?

A

Deep to trapezius

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14
Q

Splenis capitis origin/insertion

A

O: nuchal ligament, C3 - C7 spinous processes
I: Mastoid process

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15
Q

Spenius cervicis origin/insertion

A

O: T3 - T6 spinous processes
I: C1 - C2 transverse processes

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16
Q

What is the relationship of spenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Capitis is more superficial, cervicis is more lateral and wraps around capitis

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17
Q

Semispinalis capitis origin/insertion

A

O: C4 - T7 transverse processes
I: Between nuchal lines

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18
Q

Semispinalis cervicis origin/insertion

A

O: T1 - T6 transverse processes
I: C2 - C5 spinous processes

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19
Q

What is the relationship of semispinalis capitis and cervicis?

A

Capitis is under the splenius, superficial to cervicis

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20
Q

Innervation of splenius

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C1 - C6

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21
Q

Innervation of semispinalis capitis

A

Greater occipital nerve (posterior rami of C2)

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22
Q

Innervation of semispinalis cervicis

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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23
Q

Action of splenius

A

Bilaterally extends spine and head

Unilaterally flexes and rotates head ispilaterally

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24
Q

Action of semispinalis

A

Bilaterally extend spine and head

Unilaterally lateral flexion of head and spine

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25
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major origin/insertion

A

O: C2 spinous process
I: Nuchal line

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26
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor origin/insertion

A

O: C1 posterior tubercle
I: Nuchal line

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27
Q

Obliquus capitis superior origin/insertion

A

O: C1 transverse process
I: Nuchal line

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28
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior origin/insertion

A

O: C2 spinous process
I: C1 transverse process

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29
Q

What are the muscles of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior
Obliquus capitis superior

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the sub occipital triangle and the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)

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31
Q

What is the action of the sub occipital triangle and the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Bilaterally extends head

Unilaterally rotates head to same side

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32
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve also called?

A

Posterior rami of C2

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33
Q

What is the sub occipital nerve also called?

A

Posterior rami of C1

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34
Q

What is the transverse ligament of the atlas a part of?

A

Cruciform or cruciate ligament - has longitudinal and transverse bands

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35
Q

Where is the transverse ligament of the atlas?

A

Holds the dens and C1

36
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Connects anterior aspect of vertebral bodies and IV discs

37
Q

What is the anterior atlanto axial membrane?

A

Name change of ALL at C2

38
Q

What is the anterior atlanto occipital membrane?

A

Name change of anterior atlanto axial membrane (Cont. of ALL) at C1

39
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Within vertebral canal along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies

40
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

Name change of PLL at C2

41
Q

Where is the supraspinous ligament?

A

Connects tips of spinous processes from C7 to sacrum

42
Q

What is the nuchal ligament?

A

Name change of supraspinous at C7 - connect tips of spinous processes from C7 to occipital protuberance

43
Q

What is the interspinous ligament?

A

Connects adjoining spinous processes

44
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Connects laminae of adjacent vertebral arches

45
Q

What is the posterior atlanto axial membrane?

A

Name change of flavum at C2

46
Q

What is the posterior atlanto occipital membrane

A

Name change of posterior atlanto axial (Cont. of flavum) at C1

47
Q

What is the inter transverse ligament?

A

Connects adjacent transverse processes

48
Q

Where does the vertebral artery arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

49
Q

Where does the vertebral part of the vertebral artery pass?

A

From apex of pyramidal space, runs superiorly and passes deeply through transverse foramina of C6 - C1

50
Q

Where does the sub occipital part of the vertebral artery pass?

A

Travels of groove of posterior part of C1 and enters through foramen magnum

51
Q

What do the vertebral arteries merge to form?

A

Basilar artery at inferior border of pons

52
Q

Where does the occipital artery arise from?

A

External carotid artery

53
Q

Where does the occipital artery pass?

A

Posteriorly, parallel to attachment of posterior belly of digastric muscle in the occipital glove in the temporal bone

54
Q

Where does the occipital artery end?

A

Divides into branches in posterior scalp

55
Q

Which spinal arteries are paired, and which are single?

A

Single anterior spinal artery

Paired posterior spinal arteries

56
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries run?

A

Longitudinally from medulla to conus medullaris

57
Q

What are the posterior spinal arteries branches of?

A

Vertebral artery or posteroinferior cerebllar artery

58
Q

What is important about the spinal arteries?

A

They are formed by radicular arteries that anastomose to form the spinal arteries

59
Q

What is the common name for the posterior ramus of C2?

A

Greater occipital nerve

60
Q

Where does the greater occipital nerve run?

A

Emerges inferior to obliquus capitis inferior and ascends to posterior scalp

61
Q

Where is the greater occipital nerve in relation to the occipital artery?

A

Greater occipital nerve is medial to occipital artery

62
Q

What is the common name for the posterior ramus of C1?

A

Suboccipital nerve

63
Q

Where does the sub occipital nerve run?

A

Between cranium and C1 to reach sub occipital triangle

64
Q

What does the sub occipital nerve innervate?

A

Four sub occipital muscles (muscles of triangle and rectus capitis posterior minor)

65
Q

Where does the sub occipital nerve emerge?

A

Within the sub occipital triangle

66
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve run?

A
  • Spinal cord rootlets
  • Through foramen magnum
  • Exits jugular foramina
  • Descends along internal carotid
67
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?

A

Penetrates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

68
Q

What does the greater occipital nerve innervate?

A

Skin over neck and occipital bone (it is a superficial nerve)

69
Q

What is the superomedial boundary of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major

70
Q

What is the superolateral boundary of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Obliquus capitis superior

71
Q

What is the inferolateral boundary of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

72
Q

What is the floor of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Posterior atlanto occipital membrane and posterior arch of C1

73
Q

What is the roof of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Semispinalis capitis

74
Q

What are the contents of the sub occipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

75
Q

Where combines to form the spinal nerve?

A

Anterior and posterior roots

76
Q

What kind of fibers make up the dorsal root?

A

Sensory, afferent

77
Q

What kind of fibers make up the ventral root?

A

Motor, efferent

78
Q

Which fibers head towards the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal, afferent, sensory

79
Q

Which fibers head away from the spinal cord?

A

Ventral, efferent, motor

80
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

Tapering of lower spinal cord

81
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Bundle of spinal nerve roots at termination of spinal cord

82
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Extension of pia mater that anchors the conus medullar is to dural sac in sacral canal

83
Q

What are the denticulate ligaments?

A

Longitudinal extensions of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord in the center of the vertebral canal

84
Q

Where is the extradural space?

A

Outside the dura mater

85
Q

What is located in the extradural space?

A

Fat

86
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

Potential space between dura mater and arachnoid mater - in reality, dura and arachnoid are connected to one another

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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