Lab 2 PhysioEx Notes Contd. Flashcards
(101 cards)
the … is a device that measures the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs over a specified period of time
spirometer
with emphysema, there is a significant loss of … in the lung tissue, which occurs as the disease destroys the …
elastic recoil; walls of the alveoli
in emphysema, … is also increased as the ling tissue in general becomes more flimsy and exerts less anchoring on the surrounding airways. thus, the lung becomes overly … and … easily
airway resistant; compliant; expands
in emphysema, a great effort is required to expire bc the lungs can no longer … and …
each expiration requires a noticeable and exhausting muscular effort, and a person with emphysema expires slowly
passively recoil; deflate
during an acute asthma attack, … and, thus, the airways become constricted (that is, reduced in diameter)
bronchiole smooth muscle spasms
during an acute asthma attack, bronchioles also become clogged with … secretions, leading to significantly increased airway resistance
thick mucus
(asthma) underlying these symptoms is an airway … response brought on by triggers such as … (for example, dust and pollen), extreme … changes, and even …
inflammatory;
allergens;
temperature;
exercise
(asthma) like with emphysema, the airways … and pinch closed before a forced expiration is completed. thus, the volumes and peak flow rates are significantly … during an asthma attack. Unlike with emphysema, the … is not diminished in an acute asthma attack
collapse; reduced; elastic recoil
(asthma) when an acute asthma attack occurs, many people seek to relieve symptoms with an inhaler, which atomizes the medication and allows for direct application onto the afflicted airways. usually, the medication includes a … (for example, a … agonist or an … antagonist) that relieves the bronchospasms and induces bronchiole …
smooth muscle relaxant;
ß2;
acetylcholine;
dilation
(asthma) the medication can also contain an … agent, such as a …., that suppresses the inflammatory response. the use of the inhaler reduces …
anti-inflammatory;
corticosteroid;
airway resistance
during moderate aerobic exercise, the human body has an increased …, which is met, in part, by changes in respiration
metabolic demand
during moderate exercise, both the … of breathing and the … increase. these two respiratory variables do not increase by the same amount
rate; tidal volume
(exercise) the increase in the … is greater than the increase in the … for moderate exercise
tidal volume; rate of breathing
(exercise) during heavy exercise, further changes in respiration are required to meet the extreme metabolic demands of the body. in this case both the rate of breathing and the tidal volume increase to their …
max tolerable limits
a normal resting tidal volume is expected to be around …
500 mL
which respiratory process is impaired the most by emphysema? …
expiration
during an asthma attack … and … are impaired
inspiration; expiration
during moderate aerobic exercise, which respiratory variable increases the most? …
tidal volume
when obstructive lung disease develops, what happens to the FEV1 (%). it …
decreases
which of the following respiratory values represents a decreased flow rate during the obstructive lung diseases? …
FEV1
**know how to calculate ERV and FVC
what is the largest volume for the normal patient? …
IRV
what happened to the RV for the emphysema patient and the asthmatic patient? it … for both patients
increased
In the patient emphysema, … decreased, … decreased, …. increased, …. decreased, …. decreased, and …. decreased. Patients with emphysema experience a decrease in elastic recoil in lung tissue, and airway resistance increases. Thus, it’s more difficult for patients to forcibly inhale more air, and exhalation is also much more difficult because the lungs cannot adequately recoil. As a result, ERV and IRV decrease. RV increases because ineffective exhalation indicates that more air will be left in the lungs. FEV1 and FEV1 (%) also decrease for similar reasons.
ERV; IRV; RV: FVC: FEV; FEV1(%)