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From Flashcardlet > Med Term 15 > Flashcards

Med Term 15 Flashcards

1
Q

albunin/o

A

protein

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2
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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3
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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4
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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5
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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6
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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7
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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8
Q

glucos/o

A

sugar

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9
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

ket/o

A

ketone bodies

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11
Q

keton/o

A

ketone bodies

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12
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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13
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

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14
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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15
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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16
Q

pub/o

A

pubic bone

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17
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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18
Q

py/o

A

pus

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19
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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20
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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21
Q

ur/o

A

urine

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22
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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23
Q

kidneys

A

two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine

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24
Q

cortex

A

outer part of the kidney

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25
Q

hilum

A

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

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26
Q

medulla

A

inner part of the kidney

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27
Q

calyces

A

system of ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

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28
Q

nephron

A

microscopic functional units of he kidney, compromised of kidney cells and capillaries, each capable of forming urine

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29
Q

glomerulus

A

little ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

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30
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

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31
Q

renal tubule

A

stem portion of the nephron

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32
Q

ureter

A

tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

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33
Q

renal pelvis

A

basin like portion of the ureter within the kidney

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34
Q

ureteropelvic junction

A

point of connection between the renal pelvis and ureter

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35
Q

urinary bladder

A

sac that holds the urine

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36
Q

urethra

A

single anal that carries urine to the outside of the body

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37
Q

urethral meatus

A

opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

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38
Q

urine

A

fluid produced by the kidneys containing water and waste products

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39
Q

urea

A

waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine

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40
Q

creatinine

A

waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine

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41
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of albumin in the urine; occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

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42
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of albumin in the urine; occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

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43
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine formation

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44
Q

bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in the urine

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45
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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46
Q

enuresis

A

to void urine; involuntary discharge of rhine, most often refers to a lack of bladder control

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47
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

bed wetting during sleep

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48
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in the urine

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49
Q

incontinence

A

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

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50
Q

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

involuntary discharge of urine at the time of cough, sneeze, and or strained exercise

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51
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of ketone bodies in the urine

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52
Q

ketone bodies/compounds

A

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid are products of metabolism that appear in the urine as a result of an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates; seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation

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53
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

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54
Q

oliguria

A

scanty production of ruine

55
Q

polyuria

A

condition of excessive urination

56
Q

pyuria

A

presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection

57
Q

urinary retention

A

retention of urine owing to the inability to void naturally because of spasm, obstruction, etc.

58
Q

adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)

A

inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure - diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections

59
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

form of nephritis involving the glomerulus

60
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation and pooling of urine in the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by an obstruction in the outflow of urine

61
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

62
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

63
Q

nephrosis

A

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

64
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of renal stone or stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys - most commonly as a result of hyperuricuria or hypercalciuria

65
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

66
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

67
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

68
Q

urethral stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the urethra

69
Q

urinary tract infection

A

invasion of pathogenic organisms in the structures of the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise

70
Q

uremia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure

71
Q

azotemia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood as a result of kidney failure

72
Q

cystometrogram

A

record that amusers urinary volume, bladder pressure, and capacity to evaluate urinary dysfunction such as incontinence

73
Q

cystoscopy

A

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

74
Q

kidney biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for pathological examination

75
Q

intravenous pyleogram (IVP)

A

x-rays of the urinary tract taken after iodine is injected into the bloodstream and as the contrast passes through the kidney, revealing obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.

76
Q

kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)

A

abdominal x-ray of kidney, ureter, and bladder typically used as a scout film before doing an IVP

77
Q

scout film

A

plain x-ray taken to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging

78
Q

renal angiogram

A

x-ray of the renal artery made after injecting contrast medium into a catheter in the artery

79
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray of the upper urinary tract taken after contrast medium is inject dup to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope - done to detect the presence of stones or obstruction

80
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

x-ray of the bladder and urethra taken during urination

81
Q

abdominal sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the urinary tract including the kidney, refers, and bladder

82
Q

urinalysis

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

83
Q

specific gravity (SpGr)

A

measure of the kidney’s ability to concentrate or dilate urine

84
Q

glucose urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine, used most often to screen for diabetes

85
Q

albumin urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect albumin in the urine

86
Q

ketone urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect stone bodies in the urine; if positive, fats are being utilized by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs in starvation or an unstable diabetic state

87
Q

occult blood, urine urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis - indicates bleeding in the kidneys

88
Q

bilirubin urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine - seen in gallbladder and liver disease

89
Q

urobilinogen urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine - increased amounts seen in gallbladder and liver disease

90
Q

nitrite urinalysis

A

chemical test used to detect bacteria in the urine

91
Q

microscopic findings

A

microscopic identification of abnormal constituents in the urine

92
Q

urine culture and sensitivity

A

isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium that prepares the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, and drugs to which they are sensitive are listed

93
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood - a high BUN indicates the kidney’s inability to excrete urea

94
Q

creatinine, serum

A

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood - useful in assessing kidney function

95
Q

creatinine, urine

A

test to determine the level of creation in the urine

96
Q

creatinine clearance testing

A

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and a 24 hours urine specimen to determine the rate that creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys

97
Q

urologic endoscopic surgery

A

use of specialized endoscopes within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, or placement of a stent

98
Q

resectoscope

A

urologic endoscope sent through the urethra to resect lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

99
Q

intracorporeal lithotripsy

A

method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using electrical energy discharges transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope - most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones

100
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision into the kidney

101
Q

nephrorrhaphy

A

suture of an injured kidney

102
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

103
Q

nephrectomy

A

excision of a kidney

104
Q

pyloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the renal elvis

105
Q

stent placement

A

use of a device to hold open vessels or tubes

106
Q

kidney transplantation

A

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person to another

107
Q

urinary diversion

A

creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body - used to treat defects or disease such as bladder cancer

108
Q

noncontinent ileal conduit

A

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen - urine rains continually into an external appliance

109
Q

continent urostomy

A

internal reservoir constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought thorough the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization

110
Q

orthotopic bladder (neobladder)

A

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing natural voiding

111
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

procedure using ultrasound to penetrate the body from outside and bombard and disintegrate a stone within - most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

112
Q

kidney dialysis

A

methods of filtering impurities from the blood to replace the function of one or both kidneys due to renal failure

113
Q

hemodialysis

A

method to remove impurities by pumping the patient’s blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)

114
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; catheter insertion in the peritoneal cavity is required to deliver cleansing fluid that is washed in and out in cycles

115
Q

Kegel exercises

A

specific exercises that strengthen the muscle of the pelvic floor to maintain proper organ placement and retain urine

116
Q

urinary catheterization

A

methods of placing a tub into the bladder to drain or collect urine

117
Q

straight catheter

A

inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or collect a sterile specimen of rhine for testing g- removed immediately after the procedure

118
Q

Foley catheter

A

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - can remain in place for an extended time

119
Q

suprapubic catheter

A

indweling catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - used in patients requiring long term catheterization

120
Q

analgesic

A

drug that relieves pain

121
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that relieves spasm

122
Q

diuretic

A

drug that increases the secretion of urine

123
Q

alb

A

albumin

124
Q

APKD

A

adult polycystic kidney disease

125
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

126
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

127
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

128
Q

KUB

A

kidney, reter, bladder

129
Q

RP

A

retrograde puelogram

130
Q

SpGr

A

specific gravity

131
Q

SUI

A

stress urinary incontinence

132
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

133
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

134
Q

VCU, VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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