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From Flashcardlet > Med Term 17 > Flashcards

Med Term 17 Flashcards

1
Q

cervic/o

A

neck or cervix

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2
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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3
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

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4
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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5
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

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6
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

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7
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

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8
Q

metr/o

A

uterus

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9
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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10
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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11
Q

mast/o

A

breast

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12
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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13
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

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14
Q

obstetr/o

A

midwife

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15
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

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16
Q

ovari/o

A

ovary

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17
Q

ov/i

A

egg

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18
Q

ov/o

A

egg

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19
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvic cavity

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20
Q

salping/o

A

uterine (fallopian) tube

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21
Q

toc/o

A

labor or birth

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22
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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23
Q

uterus

A

pear shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo develops

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24
Q

fundus

A

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

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25
Q

endometrium

A

lining of the uterus that is shed approximately every 28-30 days in the non pregnant female during menstruation

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26
Q

myometrium

A

muscular wall of the uterus

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27
Q

uterine or fallopian tubes

A

tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

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28
Q

adnexa

A

uterine tubes and ovaries

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29
Q

right uterine appendage

A

right tube and ovary

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30
Q

left uterine appendage

A

left tube and ovary

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31
Q

ovary

A

one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

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32
Q

cervix

A

neck of the uterus

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33
Q

cervical os

A

opening of the cervix to the uterus

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34
Q

vagina

A

tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

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35
Q

vulva

A

external genitalia of the female

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36
Q

labia

A

folds of issue on either side of the vaginal opening known as the labia major and labia minora

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37
Q

clitoris

A

female erectile tissue situated in the anterior portion of the vulva

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38
Q

hymen

A

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

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39
Q

introitus

A

entrance to the vagina

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40
Q

Bartholin glands

A

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

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41
Q

perineum

A

regions between the vulva and anus

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42
Q

mammary glands

A

two glands of the female breasts capable of producing milk

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43
Q

mammary papilla

A

nipple

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44
Q

areola

A

dark pigmented area around the nipple

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45
Q

embryo

A

developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

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46
Q

fetus

A

devleoping organism from the ninth week to birth

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47
Q

placenta

A

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy that provides nourishment for the fetus

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48
Q

amnion

A

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus filled with amniotic fluid

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49
Q

amniotic fluid

A

fluid within the amnion that surrounds and protects the fetus

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50
Q

meconium

A

intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

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51
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstruation

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52
Q

anovulation

A

absence of ovulation

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53
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

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54
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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55
Q

leukorrhea

A

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

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56
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation

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57
Q

metrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the uterus at any tim either than normal menstruation

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58
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstrual period

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59
Q

oligo-ovulation

A

irregular ovulation

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60
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

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61
Q

congenital anomalies

A

birth defects causing the abnormal development of a female organ or structure

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62
Q

dermoid cyst

A

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue more commonly found in an ovary; usually benign

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63
Q

displacement of the uterus

A

displacement of the uterus from its normal position

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64
Q

anteflexion

A

abnormal forward bending of the uterus

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65
Q

retroflexion

A

abnormal backward bending of the uterus

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66
Q

retroversion

A

backward turn of the whole uterus (aka tipped uterus)

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67
Q

endometriosis

A

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

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68
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the endometrium

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69
Q

fibroid

A

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

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70
Q

leiomyoma/fibromyoma

A

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

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71
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage such as from one hollow organ to another

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72
Q

rectovaginal fistula

A

abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum

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73
Q

vescovaginal fistula

A

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

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74
Q

cervical neoplasia

A

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

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75
Q

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

A

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation

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76
Q

graded cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

A

CIN 1 mild displasia
CIN 2 moderate dysplasia
CIN 3 severe displasia

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77
Q

carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix

A

malignant cell hanged of the cervix that are localized without any spread to adjacent structures

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78
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstrual periods owing to a lack of ovarian hormones

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79
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of one or both ovaries

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80
Q

parovarian cyst

A

cyst of the fallopian tube

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81
Q

pelvic adhesions

A

scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity as a result of endometriosis, infection, or injury

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82
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity usually including the fallopian tubes ,ovaries, and endometrium - most often caused by bacteria

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83
Q

pelvic floor relaxation

A

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

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84
Q

cystocele

A

pouching of the bladder into the vagina

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85
Q

rectocele

A

pouching of the rectum into the vagina

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86
Q

enterocele

A

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and rectum

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87
Q

urethrocele

A

pouching of the urethra into the vagina

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88
Q

prolapse

A

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

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89
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a fallopian tube

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90
Q

chlamydia

A

most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread, such as to cause pelvic inflammatory disease

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91
Q

gonorrhea

A

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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92
Q

syphilis

A

infection disease caused by a spirochete transmitted by direct intimate contact that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifested first on the skin with the appearance of small, painless red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres

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93
Q

hepatitis B virus

A

virus that causes an inflammation of the liver as a result of transmission through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

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94
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2

A

virus that causes ulcer like lesions of he genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

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95
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

iris that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome permitting various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurological disease - contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid

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96
Q

human papilloma virus

A

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower like warts, and on the mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance (aka venereal or genital warts)

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97
Q

condyloma acuminatum

A

virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower like warts, and on the mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance (aka venereal or genital warts)

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98
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation - often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (sexually transmitted parasite)

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99
Q

atrophic vaginitis

A

thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture owing to depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue

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100
Q

vaginosis

A

infection of the vagina with little or no inflammation characterized by a milk like discharge and an unpleasant odor

101
Q

adenocarcinoma of the breast

A

malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

102
Q

amastia

A

absence of a breast

103
Q

fibrocystic breasts

A

benign condition of the breasts consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense - patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate in size during gut menstrual cycle

104
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of mammary glands in the male, caused by altered hormone levels

105
Q

hypermastia/macromastia

A

abnormally large breasts

106
Q

hypomastia/micromastia

A

unusually small breasts

107
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast - most common in women when breast feeding

108
Q

polymastia

A

presence of more than two breasts

109
Q

polythelia

A

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

110
Q

supernumerary nipples

A

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

111
Q

apriation biopsy

A

needle draw of tissue or fluid from a vaicty for cytological examination

112
Q

endoscopic biopsy

A

removal of a specimen for biopsy during gan endoscopic proceudre

113
Q

excisional biopsy

A

removal of an entire lesion for microscopic examination

114
Q

incisional biopsy

A

removal of a piece of suspicious tissue for microscopic examination

115
Q

needle biopsy

A

removal of a core specimen of tissue using a social hollow needle

116
Q

stereotactic breast biopsy

A

use of x-ray of ultrasound imaging, a specialized sterotactic frame, and computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion for the removal of a core specimen for biopsy

117
Q

sentinel node breast biopsy

A

biopsy of the sentinel node (first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor) in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases and, if no malignancy is found, avoid the extensive removal of axillary nodes that causes lymphedema (swelling under the arms); includes radionuclide imaging to locate the sentinel node

118
Q

colposcopy

A

examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope used to examine the vagina and cervix, often with a camera attachment for photographs, used to document findings and followup treatments

119
Q

hysteroscopy

A

use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for the assessment of abnormalities

120
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

use of non ionizing images to detect gynecological conditions or stage tumors arising from the endometrium or cervix

121
Q

Papanicolaou smear

A

study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities

122
Q

hysterosalpingogram

A

x-ray of the fallopian tubes after injections of a contrast medium through the cervix - used to determine tubal patency

123
Q

mammogram

A

low dose x-ray of the breast tissue done to detect neoplasms

124
Q

pelvic sonography

A

ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

125
Q

endovaginal sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion

126
Q

hysterosonogram

A

transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or dermic tubal patency

127
Q

transabdominal sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the lower abdomen including the bladder, uterus, tubes, and ovaries to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors

128
Q

adhesiolysis

A

breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

129
Q

adhesiotomy

A

breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

130
Q

cervical conization

A

removal of a cone shaped portion of the cervix

131
Q

colporrhaphy

A

suture to repair the vagina

132
Q

anterior repair

A

repair of a cystocele

133
Q

posterior repair

A

repair of a rectocele

134
Q

A&P repair

A

anterior and posterior repair of a cystocele and rectocele

135
Q

cryosurgery

A

method of destroying tissue by freezing - used for treating dysplasia and early cancers

136
Q

culdocentesis

A

aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac (cavity that lies between the rectum and posterior wall of the uterus) used for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease

137
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, obtain tissue for biopsy, or remove polyps or products of conception

138
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus

139
Q

abdominal hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen

140
Q

vaginal hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus through the vagina

141
Q

total hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus and cervix

142
Q

laparoscopy

A

inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions

143
Q

laparoscopic surgery

A

surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope

144
Q

laser surgery

A

use of a laser to destroy lesions or dissect or cut tissue - used frequently in gynecology

145
Q

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)

A

use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue; note that the transformation zone is the area of the cervix where neoplasia (abnormal cell formation) is most likely to arise

146
Q

myomectomy

A

excision of fibroid tumors

147
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of an ovary

148
Q

ovarian cystectomy

A

excision of an ovarian cyst

149
Q

salpingectomy

A

excision of a uterine tube

150
Q

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

A

excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries

151
Q

salpingotomy

A

incision into a fallopian tube - often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy

152
Q

salpingostomy

A

creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage

153
Q

tubal ligation

A

sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying (ligating) the uterine tubes

154
Q

lumpectomy

A

excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; most often followed by radiation an or chemotherapy if cancerous

155
Q

mastectomy

A

removal of a breast

156
Q

siple mastectomy

A

removal of an entire breast with underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact

157
Q

radical mastectomy

A

removal of an entire breast, underlying chest muscles, and axillary lymph nodes

158
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

removal of an entire breast and axillary lymph nodes

159
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a breast

160
Q

augmentation mammoplasty

A

reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant

161
Q

reduction mammoplasty

A

reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue

162
Q

mastopexy

A

elevation of pendulous breast tissue

163
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other disease with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

164
Q

radiation therapy

A

treatment of neoplastic disease by using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to deter the proliferation of malignant cells

165
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

use of a hormone to replace a deficiency or regulate production

166
Q

hormonal contraceptives

A

hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation

167
Q

oral contraceptive pill (OCP)

A

birht control pill

168
Q

contraceptive injuection

A

injection of a hormone such as Depo-Provera into the body

169
Q

contraceptive implant

A

insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin that provides a continual infusion over an extended time

170
Q

barrier contraceptives

A

products that provide a physical barrier that prevents conception

171
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

contraceptive device inserted into the utuerus that prevents implant ion of the fertilized egg

172
Q

spermicidals

A

creams. jellies, lotions, or foams containing agents that kill sperm

173
Q

uterine fibroid embolization (UFE)

A

catheter guided injection of embolic agents into the arteries supplying blood to fibroid tumors, blocking circulation and causing shrinkage; minimally invasive procedure performed by a vascular and interventional radiologist in a angiographic laboratory

174
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

175
Q

nulligravida

A

having never been pregnant

176
Q

primigravida

A

first pregnancy

177
Q

para

A

to bear; a woman who has proceed one or more viable offsrping

178
Q

mullipara

A

woman who has not borne a child

179
Q

primipara

A

first delivery

180
Q

multipara

A

woman who has given birth to tow or more children

181
Q

cervical effacement

A

progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

182
Q

estimated date of confinement (EDC)

estimated date of delivery (EDD)

A

expected date for delivery of the baby - normally 280 days or 40 weeks from conception

183
Q

meconium staining

A

presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

184
Q

ruptured membranes

A

rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at the onset of labor

185
Q

macrosomia

A

large bodied baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies

186
Q

polyhydramnios

A

excessive amniotic fluid

187
Q

abortion (AB)

A

expulsion of the product of conception before the fetus can be viable

188
Q

spontaneous abortion (SAB)

A

miscarriage; expulsion of products of conception occurring naturally

189
Q

habitual abortion

A

spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

190
Q

incomplete abortion

A

incomplete expulsion of products of conception

191
Q

missed abortion

A

death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

192
Q

threatened abortion

A

bleeding with threat of miscarriage

193
Q

cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)

A

conditions preventing normal delivery through the birth canal - either the baby’s head is too large of the birth canal is too small

194
Q

eclampsia

A

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma

195
Q

preeclampsia

A

toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma

196
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube, ovary, or rarely the abdominal cavity

197
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus - necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

198
Q

Rh factor

A

presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia

199
Q

Rh positive

A

presence of antigens

200
Q

Rh negative

A

absence of antigens

201
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

202
Q

meconium aspiration

A

fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

203
Q

placenta previa

A

displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

204
Q

abruptio placentae

A

premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

205
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

206
Q

amniocentesis

A

aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

207
Q

fetal monitoring

A

use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions

208
Q

pelvimetry

A

obstetrical measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

209
Q

pregnancy test

A

test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta) that indicates pregnancy

210
Q

endovaginal sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina - useful in detection pathology

211
Q

obstetrical sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development

212
Q

cesarean section (C-section)

A

surgical delivery of a baby by making an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus

213
Q

episiotomy

A

incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery

214
Q

amnioinfusion

A

introduction of a solution into the amniotic sac - most commonly an isotonic solution used to relieve fetal distress

215
Q

therapeutic abortion (TAB)

A

abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical consideration

216
Q

version

A

manual method versing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery

217
Q

external version

A

abdominal manipulation

218
Q

internal version

A

intravaginal manipulation

219
Q

abortifacient

A

drug that causes abortion

220
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction - used for induction of labor

221
Q

Rh immune globulin

A

immunizing agent given to an Rh negative mother within 72 hours after delivering an Rh positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

222
Q

tocolytic agent

A

drug used to stop labor contractions

223
Q

AB

A

abortion

224
Q

CIS

A

carcinoma in situ

225
Q

CIN

A

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

226
Q

CPD

A

cephalopelvic disproportion

227
Q

C-section

A

cesarean section

228
Q

CVS

A

chorionic villus sampling

229
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

230
Q

EDC

A

estimated date of confinement

231
Q

EDD

A

estimated date of delivery

232
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

233
Q

HIV

A

hyman immunodeficiency virus

234
Q

HPV

A

human papilloma virus

235
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

236
Q

HSV-2

A

herpes simplex virus type 2

237
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

238
Q

LEEP

A

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

239
Q

LLETZ

A

large loop excision of the transformation zone

240
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

241
Q

OB

A

obstetrics

242
Q

OCP

A

oral contraceptive pill

243
Q

Pap

A

Papanicolaou smear

244
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

245
Q

PIH

A

pregnancy induced hypertension

246
Q

SAB

A

spontaneous abortion

247
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

248
Q

TAB

A

therapeutic abortion

249
Q

UFE

A

uterine fibroid embolization

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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