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From Flashcardlet > Med Term 9 > Flashcards

Med Term 9 Flashcards

1
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (air sac)

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2
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus

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3
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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4
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole (little airway)

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5
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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6
Q

carb/o

A

carbon dioxide

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7
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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8
Q

lob/o

A

lobe (a portion)

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9
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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10
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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11
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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12
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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13
Q

palat/o

A

palate

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14
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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15
Q

phren/oo

A

diaphragm

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16
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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17
Q

pneum/o

A

air or lung

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18
Q

pneumono/o

A

air or lung

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19
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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20
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus (cavity)

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21
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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22
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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23
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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24
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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25
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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26
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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27
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

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28
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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29
Q

nose

A

structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract and that houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell

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30
Q

sinuses

A

air filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

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31
Q

palate

A

partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate

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32
Q

pharynx

A

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

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33
Q

nasopharynx

A

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

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34
Q

oropharynx

A

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

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35
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening in to the larynx and the esophagus

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36
Q

tonsils

A

oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion (aka palatine tonsils)

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37
Q

adenoid

A

lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose (aka pharyngeal tonsil)

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38
Q

uvula

A

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate, name for its grape like shape

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39
Q

larynx

A

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords

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40
Q

glottis

A

opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

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41
Q

epiglottis

A

lid like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

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42
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it splits into the right and left bronchus

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43
Q

bronchial tree

A

branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli

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44
Q

right and left bronchus

A

two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs

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45
Q

bronchioles

A

progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

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46
Q

alveoli

A

thin walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

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47
Q

lungs

A

two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration

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48
Q

lobes

A

subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and there on the right

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49
Q

pleura

A

membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)

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50
Q

pleural cavity

A

potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

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51
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down

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52
Q

mediastinum

A

partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (containing each lung) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland

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53
Q

mucous membranes

A

thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid

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54
Q

cilia

A

hair like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such s those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucus cell secretions

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55
Q

parenchyma

A

functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration

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56
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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57
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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58
Q

tachypnea

A

fast breathing

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59
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

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60
Q

hyperpnea

A

deep breathing

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61
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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62
Q

apnea

A

inability to breathe

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63
Q

orthopnea

A

ability to breathe only in an upright position

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64
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

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65
Q

crackles

A

popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli - occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis

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66
Q

rhonchi

A

high pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway - occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema (aka wheezes)

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67
Q

stridor

A

high pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx)

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68
Q

caseous necrosis

A

degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like appearance

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69
Q

dysphonia

A

hoarseness

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70
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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71
Q

expectoration

A

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

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72
Q

sputum

A

materia expelled from the lungs by coughing

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73
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs

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74
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

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75
Q

hypercarbia

A

excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

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76
Q

hyperventilation

A

excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia

77
Q

hypoventilation

A

deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia

78
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

79
Q

hypoxia

A

deficient amount of oxygen in tissue cells

80
Q

obstructive lung disorder

A

condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

81
Q

restrictive lung disorder

A

condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

82
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli

83
Q

pulmonary infiltrate

A

density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes

84
Q

rhinorrhea

A

thin, watery discharge from the nose

85
Q

asthma

A

panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tube sir by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough

86
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue (alveoli)

87
Q

bronchiectasis

A

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

88
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

89
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

lung cancer

90
Q

bronchospasm

A

constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the per bronchial smooth muscle

91
Q

emphysema

A

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

92
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

93
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affection the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation, and lung tissue damage

94
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

95
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A

inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct seal bark cough (aka croup)

96
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction

97
Q

nasal polyposis

A

presence of numerous polyps in the nose

98
Q

polyps

A

tumor on a stalk

99
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

100
Q

pleural effusion

A

accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity

101
Q

empyema

A

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

102
Q

pyothorax

A

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

103
Q

hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

104
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

105
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone

106
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals

107
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism - a common opportunistic infection seen in those with positive human immunodeficiency virus

108
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

109
Q

pneumohemothorax

A

air and blood in the pleural cavity

110
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation fo he lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts

111
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

112
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

A

disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions

113
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses

114
Q

sleep apnea

A

periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

115
Q

tonsillitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

116
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

117
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases

118
Q

pH

A

measure of blood acidity or alkalinity

119
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood

120
Q

PaCO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide measuring the amount of canon dioxide in the blood

121
Q

endoscopy

A

examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purposes

122
Q

bronchoscopy

A

use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways

123
Q

nasopharyngoscopy

A

use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx (throat) to diagnose structural abnormalities such as obstructions, growths, and cancers

124
Q

lung biopsy (Bx)

A

removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination

125
Q

lung scan

A

two part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of perfusion or ventilation, commonly called a V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan

126
Q

ventilation scan

A

made as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways

127
Q

perfusion scan

A

made after radioactive material is injected into the blood and circulates to the lungs

128
Q

magnetic resonance image (MRI)

A

nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions

129
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

recording of various aspects of sleep (eye and muscle movements, respiration, rain wave patterns) for diagnosis of sleep disorders

130
Q

auscultation

A

to listen; physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope, such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sounds

131
Q

percussion

A

physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest

132
Q

pulmonary function testing (PFT)

A

direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities

133
Q

spirometry

A

portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measurement of lung volume and capacity

134
Q

tidal volume (TV)

A

amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration

135
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

136
Q

peak flow (PF)

A

measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

137
Q

peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

A

measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

138
Q

pulse oximetry

A

noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor hypoxemia

139
Q

chest x-ray

A

x-ray image of the chest to visualize the lungs

140
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

computed x-ray imaging of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses; CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the lung

141
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs after injection of contrast material

142
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

143
Q

lobectomy

A

removal of a lobe of a lung

144
Q

nasal polypectomy

A

removal of a nasal polyp

145
Q

pneumonectomy

A

removal of an entire lung

146
Q

thoracentesis

A

puncture for aspiration of the chest

147
Q

thoracoplasty

A

repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs

148
Q

thoracoscopy

A

endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope

149
Q

thoracostomy

A

creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube

150
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest

151
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the palatine tonsils

152
Q

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)

A

excision of the tonsils and adenoids

153
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube

154
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

155
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

method of artificial respiration and closed chest massage used used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest

156
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

157
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs

158
Q

incentive spirometry

A

common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and repeatedly sustain an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

159
Q

mechanical ventilation

A

mechanical method performed by a respiratory therapist to provide assisted breathing using a ventilator

160
Q

antibiotic

A

drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

161
Q

anticoagulant

A

drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of, thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels

162
Q

antihistamine

A

drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine

163
Q

histamine

A

compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation, etc., causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle, dilation of blood vessels, etc.

164
Q

bronchodilator

A

drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi

165
Q

expectorant

A

drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing

166
Q

ABGs

A

arterial blood gases

167
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

168
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

169
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

170
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

171
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

172
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

173
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

174
Q

LTB

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

175
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance image

176
Q

PaCO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

177
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of oxygen

178
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

179
Q

PEFR

A

peak expiratory flow rate

180
Q

PF

A

peak flow

181
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function testing

182
Q

pH

A

potential of hydrogen

183
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

184
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

185
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

186
Q

TV

A

tidal volume

187
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

188
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

From Flashcardlet (133 decks)

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