PJM_Changes_During_Construction Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are common reasons for changes during construction?
Unforeseen conditions, material/labor availability, client changes, or price fluctuations.
What must the architect evaluate when a change occurs during construction?
If the change affects price/schedule, its impact on the critical path, and whether it warrants an additional service.
How should schedule changes be evaluated?
By analyzing the critical path and float to see if the end date is affected.
What is the difference between a change order and a CCD (Construction Change Directive)?
Change orders are used when all parties agree on cost/schedule. CCDs are used when they don’t.
What do minor changes in the work affect?
They cannot affect the contract sum or construction schedule.
How is a markup calculated?
Markup is added to the cost like sales tax. For example: $10,000 x 15% = $1,500; total = $11,500.
How is profit margin calculated?
Divide cost by (1 - profit %). For $10,000 with 15% margin: $10,000 / 0.85 = $11,765.
What’s the key difference between markup and profit margin?
Markup adds a percentage to cost. Profit margin determines total fee to yield a % profit.
How should substitution change orders be priced?
Reflect only the cost difference between the original and substitute item.
Who typically proposes pricing for a change order?
The contractor, and the architect evaluates fairness based on unit prices or substitutions.
What documents authorize changes in construction?
AIA A201 Article 7: change orders, construction change directives (CCDs), and minor changes.
Can schedule or cost be affected by a minor change in the work?
No, minor changes cannot affect schedule or contract sum.
What may warrant an architect charging additional service fees during construction?
Extended CA duration, multiple project phases, or complex change order evaluation.
How do project phases affect architect services?
Splitting work into phases increases coordination and time, possibly justifying additional fees.
What factors might drive a change in construction phasing?
Trade coordination, permitting delays, client priorities, or site issues.
How should architects handle added project phases?
Submit additional service requests (ASRs) to document extra coordination and time.
What should be done if a contractor change order seems overpriced?
Evaluate cost breakdown, verify original credits, and ensure only fair increases are included.
How can drainage issues affect construction scope?
May lead to relocation of elements like wash bays due to jurisdictional water control concerns.
What role does the architect play in change order pricing?
Review for accuracy, fairness, and compliance with scope; advise client impartially.
Why is it important to distinguish markup vs. profit margin on the ARE?
Using the wrong formula leads to incorrect calculations and missed points.
