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UWorld mixed > prometric practice > Flashcards

prometric practice Flashcards

1
Q

role of ADH (2)

A

1: responds to high osmolarity
V2 receptors: decrease serum osmolarity, increase urine osmolarity

2: respond to low BP
V2 receptors: vasoconstriction

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2
Q

what drains to the popliteal lymph nodes? (2)

A
  1. dorsolateral foot

2. posterior calf

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3
Q

rx for cluster headaches

A

oxygen and sumatriptan

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4
Q

rx for migraine abortive?

A

sumatriptan, NSAID

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5
Q

rx for migraine prophylaxis?

A

propanolol, topiramate, amitryptaline, Ca2+ channel blockers

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6
Q

rx for tension headaches

A

NSAID, analgestics, amitryptaline, acetaminophen

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7
Q

acute megakaryocytic leukemia

A

proliferation of megakaryoBLASTS

AML M7

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8
Q

ITP etiology

A

antibodies against GpIIbIIIa

SPLENIC macrophage destruction!

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9
Q

ITP blood / bone marrow smear

A

blood -> thrombocytopenia

marrow -> many mature megakaryocytes

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10
Q

TTP & HUS vs. ITP

A

all three = thrombocytopenia
TTP / HUS: schistocytes
ITP: splenic destruction

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11
Q

TTP etiology

A

deficiency of ADAMSTS-13

large platelet vWF -> abnormal platelet aggregation

microthrombi –>

schistocytes & thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

normal anion gap

A

8-12 mEq/dl

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13
Q

what columns are affected by B12 deficiency?

A
  1. dorsal column: SENSORY
  2. lateral corticospinal: MOTOR
    (spinocerebellar can be too)
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14
Q

dry beri beri

A

B1 thiamine deficiency

peripheral polyneuritis, symmetric muscle wasting

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15
Q

vomit pathway

A 
valine
odd chain fatty acids
methionine
isoleucine
threonine

branched amino acids & odd chain fatty acids breakdown into..

methylmalonyl-CoA
—> (methylmalonyl-CoA mutates
succinyl-CoA

    • either TCA, myelin synthesis
      or. . heme synthesis!
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16
Q

acid/base disturbance after salicylate ingestion

A 
first: 
respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilate)
then SUPERIMPOSED by..
metabolic acidosis (anion-gap)
ultimately:
low bicarb (metabolic acidosis)
low pH (acidemia)
low CO2 (still hyperventilate)
17
Q

colchicine used for…

A

GOUT

not RA

18
Q

etanercept used for..

A

rheumatoid arthritis

19
Q

caudal medulla: location of hypoglossal nuc? where does n. leave?

A

nuc is dorsal

BUT

n. leaves between medial lemniscus & olive! (ventral)

20
Q

skin ulceration after a vaccine (i.e. tetanus immunization)

A

due to arthus reaction

edema, necrosis, activation of complement
type III HSR

deposition of antibody, antigen complex

“localized” serum sickness

21
Q

when does serum sickness occur?

A

5-10 days post-exposure

antibody against foreign protein –> deposits in membranes

fever, urticaria, arthralgia, proteinuria, lymphadenopathy

22
Q

wiskot-aldrich vs. chediak-higashi

A

wiskot-aldrich

  • actin issues
  • combined T cell/B cell
  • x-linked recessive

chediak-higashi

  • microtubule issue
  • neutrophil
  • autosomal recessive
23
Q

wiskot-aldrich syndrome presentation

A

x-linked recessive
defect in actin reorganization

WATER
thrombocytopenic purpura
eczema
recurrent infxn

increased risk of malignancy
and autoimmune disease

24
Q

B cell immunodeficiency presenting later in life ~20-30 y/o associate w/ autoimmune & RA?

A

common variable deficiency

25
Q

Job syndrome presentation

A

Th17 deficiency due to less STAT3
impaired recruitment of neutrophils

FATED

abnormal facies
abscesses (cold, no neutrophils)
RETAINED TEETH
hyper IgE
dermatologic problems (eczema)
26
Q

chediak-higashi presentation

A

autosomal recessive
neutrophil problem
defective LYST gene (lysosomal trafficking regulator gene)

microtubule dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion

BALIN

bleeding and bruising (platelet problem)
partial albinism
leukopenia & infiltrative lymphohistiocytosis
recurrent infxn (staph, strep)
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY & NEURODEGENERATION

lots of neutrophils, but have giant granules
pancytopenia

27
Q

pre-eclampsia criteria

A

20wk -> 6 wk postpartum

  1. HTN (>140/90)
  2. proteinuria (>300mg/24hr)
severe would be
1. HTN (>160/110)
w/ or w/o end-organ damage:
headache, scotoma, oligouria
& HEELP: hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets
28
Q

cause of pre-eclampsia

A

abnormal formation of placental spiral arteries –> maternal endothelial dysfunction

29
Q

key things an infant can do (0-12)

A

Parents Start Observing

motor:
primitive reflexes disappear
posture: crawl by 8, stand by 10, walk by 12-18
pincer grasp
points

social:
smile by 2mo
stranger anxiety by 6mo
separation anxiety by 9mo

observing:
oriten to voice, name, gestures
object permanence by 9
oratory: mama dada by 10mo

30
Q

key things a toddler can do (12-36 month)

A

child rearing working

motor
climb stairs, stack cubes, feeds self, kicks

social

recreationg: parallel play
rapproachment: leave but comes back to mom
realization: core gender identity

working:
200 works by 2
(2 zeroes)
2-word sentences

31
Q

key things a preschooler can do (3-5)

A

Don’t Forget they’re still Learning

motor
drive (tricycle), draw (copies, stick figure), dexterity (hop on a foot, groom)

social:

freedom: spend time from mom
friends: cooperative play

learning:
1000 words by 3 (3 zeroes)
legends: detailed stories

32
Q

adalimumab

A

antibody against TNF-a

33
Q

infliximab

A

antibody against TNF-a

UWorld mixed (60 decks)

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