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From Flashcardlet > PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 08 - VOCABULARY - Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 08 - VOCABULARY - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

0
Q

Motivation for our external behaviors is hidden deep in our psyche.
(Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory: We are not aware of instinctual motives)

A

Unconscious Motivation

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1
Q

Desired outcomes that have not yet occurred

A

Goals

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2
Q

Drives directly linked to survival

A

Primary Drives

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3
Q

LEARNED drives that are SOCIAL in nature

A

Secondary Drives

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4
Q

Keeping things on an even keel

all BIOLOGICAL motives are bases on this principle

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Motivation and Hunger:

Internal Factors of Hunger are ______.

A

biological

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6
Q

Two main factors regulate the sensation of being hungry:

A
  1. Internal Factors of Hunger

2. External Factors of Hunger

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7
Q

Motivation and Hunger:

External Factors of Hunger are _______.

A

environmental.

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8
Q

Motivation and Hunger:

Factors that range from taste of food - social situations & time of day

A

External Factors of Hunger

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9
Q

Being at least 15-20% over ideal body weight

A

Obesity

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10
Q

The weight at which our bodies may be genetically programmed to maintain.

A

Set Point

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11
Q

Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through STARVATION and/or extreme exercise

A

Anorexia

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12
Q

Eating disorder characterized by “binge-then-purge” episodes

A

Bulimia

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13
Q

Seven Criteria for Gender Differentiation

A
  1. Chromosomal Gender
  2. Primary Sex Organs
  3. Gender-linked Hormones
  4. Distinct Internal Organs
  5. Distinct External Organs
  6. Assignment of Gender
  7. Sexual Identity
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14
Q

The study of sexuality and sexual processes from the BIOLOGICAL SIDE.

A

Reproduction

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15
Q

Primarily a psychological process that may or may not have biological consequences

A

Human Sexuality

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16
Q

Direct stimulation of one’s genitals

A

Masturbation

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17
Q

Why do people masturbate?

A
  1. pleasure
  2. to relax
  3. relieve sexual tension
  4. sexual partner is not available
  5. sexual partner does not want to have sex
  6. relieve boredom
  7. help go to sleep
  8. fear of pregnancy or AIDS, & other STDs
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18
Q

Human (male & female) sexual response is primarily dependent on two biological process:

A
  1. Vasocongestion

2. Myotonia

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19
Q

The redirection of blood flow within the body

A

Vasocongestion

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20
Q

An increase in overall and specific muscular tension in the body

A

Myotonia

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21
Q

Four stages of Sexual Response:

A
  1. Excitement Stage
  2. Plateau Stage
  3. Climax
  4. Resolution Stage
22
Q

Time after climax before another full erection is possible (males only)

A

Refractory Period

23
Q

Sexual attraction is toward the same gender

A

Homosexuality

24
Q

Sexual attraction is between genders

A

Heterosexuality

25
Q

Motives influenced by and learned through social and cultural factors

A

Social Motives

26
Q

Motivation that comes from within the individual

purely for the fun and satisfaction it gives you

A

Intrinsic Motivation

27
Q

Motivations that comes from outside the individual

to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment

A

Extrinsic Motivation

28
Q

Desire to reach socially defined standards, to avoid failure, ad to acquire mastery over out environment through competence and skill-building

A

Achievement Motive

29
Q

Maslow’s Pyramid of Motivation: Starts with ____ needs, and moving up toward ___ & ___ needs.

A

biological
social
psychological

30
Q

Maslow’s Pyramid of Motivation:

As we go up in the pyramid, we move closer and closer to what Maslow called _____.

A

self-actualization.

31
Q

The need to influence or control other people or groups

A

Power Motive

32
Q

The need to be with and interact with other people

A

Affiliation Motive

33
Q

A subjective experience accompanied by physiological changes that direct behavior

A

Emotion

34
Q

8 Primary Emotions:

A
  1. Acceptance
  2. Anger
  3. Anticipation
  4. Disgust
  5. Fear
  6. Joy
  7. Sadness
  8. Surprise
35
Q

Robert Plutchik: Eight ___ ___ combine/mix to make up all the simple and complex feelings we experience.

A

Primary Emotions

36
Q

Mixture of blend of the Primary Emotions

A

Secondary Emotions

37
Q

Emotions are universal if they are shared by humans, past and present, regardless of culture or experience

A

Universality of Emotions

38
Q

Socially acceptable facial expressions that are learned during childood

A

Display Rules

39
Q

Stimuli in the environment cause physiological changes,
which lead to behavior,
which leads to emotions

A

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

40
Q

Processing of emotions and physiological responses occurs simultaneously

A

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

41
Q

The joint effort of physiological reactions and what we think leads to emotions

A

Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Emotion

42
Q

Behaviors that convey information about internal states

A

Nonverbal Communication

43
Q

Five Major Channels of Nonverbal Behaviors:

A
  1. paralanguage
  2. kinesics
  3. proxemics
  4. facial expression
  5. visual behavior
44
Q

Information conveyed by speaking, less the semantic meaning of the words

A

Paralanguage

45
Q

All discernible body movements and gestures, except facial expressions and eye movement

A

Kinesics

46
Q

Supplement verbal messages and are usually directed away from the body

A

Emphasis Gestures

47
Q

A gesture that takes the place of a word

A

Emblem

48
Q

Usually indicate emotional state and are directed toward the body

A

Comfort Gestures

49
Q

How people structure, use, and are affected by space and spatial considerations in their interactions with others

A

Proxemics

50
Q

The most proximal of behaviors

A

Touching

51
Q

Most important channel for nonverbal behavior

A

Facial Epressions

52
Q

An important variable in social encounters; visual interaction signals involvement with another

A

Visual Behavior

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