Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 09 - VOCABULARY - Personality > Flashcards

PSYCHOLOGY: Chapter 09 - VOCABULARY - Personality Flashcards

0
Q

This approach is concerned with how a COMMON CORE TO PERSONALITY provides a foundation from which a personality emerges… actions are a reflection of INTERNAL INSTINCTUAL PROCESSES, operating in the UNCONSCIOUS

A

Psychodynamic Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Four Major Approaches to Personality:

A
  1. TRAIT approach
  2. PSYCHODYNAMIC approach
  3. PHENOMENOLOGICAL approach
  4. SOCIAL LEARNING approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Freud’s theory of personality is a ____ approach.

A

Psychodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The interpretation of unconscious processes (Freud)

A

psychoanalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The approach that emphasizes free will, phenomenology, and the movement toward your identity (self-actualization)

A

Phenomenological Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The approach that is referred to as the Humanistic Approach

A

Phenomenological Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The approach that emphasizes HOW PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THEIR BEHAVIOR (can trace roots back to BEHAVIORISM)

A

Social Cognitive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Salvatore Maddi: “A stable set of characteristics & tendencies that determine those commonalities in the psychological behavior of people that have continuity in time, and may not be easily understood in terms of the social and biological pressures of the immediate situation alone”

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Personality is represented through __ __ that create differences & similarities among individuals

A

behavioral tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The common-sense approach to personality. The approach we use when we talk about other people.

A

Trait Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Traits are summaries for ____.

A

behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inferred concepts used to explain behavior

A

Theoretical Contructs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Allport’s approach to personality

A

Idiographic Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Studying individuals intensely rather than trying to find universal traits possessed by everyone.

A

Idiographic Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Measuring large numbers of people to see where they are different and where they are similar

A

Nomothetic Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Almost everything a person does is tied to this trait

A

Cardinal Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Highly characteristic of the person

A

Central Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Show up only in specific instances

A

Secondary Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Basic traits inherent in everyone’s personality

A

Source Traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Allows the researcher to see if variables share enough in common that they could be summarized with a single label

A

Factor analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eysenck’s Three Factor Solution:

A
  1. Introversion - Extroversion
  2. Emotionality - Stability
  3. Psychoticism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carver and Scheier: The “Big Five”

Five factors emerge; traits needed to describe a person

A
  1. Openness
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extroversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The “Big Five”:

Five factors emerge out of these situations

A
  1. Different measures of personality have been used
  2. Diverse samples have been studied
  3. Different cultures have been tested
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eysenck: Show LESS SOCIAL interest and are MORE RESERVED and CONTROLLED

A

Introvert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Eysenck: Likely to SEEK COMPANY OF OTHERS, enjoy talking, and more SPONTANEOUS, OUTGOING, and willing to take risks

A

Extrovert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Eysenck: Neuroticism is ofter substituted for ___.

APPREHENSIVE, SELF-DOUBTING, TROUBLED, INSECURE

A

Emotionality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eysenck: This person is RELAXED, not easily rattled, FLEXIBLE, and comfortable with himself or herself

A

Stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Eysenck: The tendency toward INSENSITIVENESS, CRUELTY, and lack of caring toward others

A

Pychoticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The low correlation between a measure of personality and behavior

A

Personality Coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Freud: ____ give our behavior direction or purpose.

A

Instincts

30
Q

Freud: Two major categories of INSTINCTS

A
  1. life (hunger, thirst, sex)

2. death

31
Q

Sexual and life preservation insincts

A

Libido

32
Q

Thanatos

A

Death Instinct

33
Q

Thanatos goal: To return to a state of __ __ and greatest __, accomplished presumably through decomposition into inorganic matter.

A

least tension

stability

34
Q

Freud: Three Systems of Personality

A
  1. Id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
35
Q

Tries to obtain what will satisfy the id

A

Ego

36
Q

Freud:

Represents the conscience

A

Superego

37
Q

Reduction of tension

A

Pleasure Principle

38
Q

Thinking confusing fantasy for reality

A

Primary Process

39
Q

Reducing tension by imagining you have what you need

A

Wish-fulfillment

40
Q

The ability to distinguish reality from fantasy

A

Reality Principle

41
Q

Rational skills that enable us to get through our daily lives and survive

A

Secondary Process

42
Q

Knowing and feeling guilt when a person has done wrong

A

Conscience

43
Q

Knowing and feeling pride when a person has done right

A

Ego-ideal

44
Q

The process of accepting and identifying with the value system taugh by the parents

A

Introjection

45
Q

The competition and waxing and waning of he id, ego, and superego

A

Psychodynamic Theory

46
Q

Freud divided the mind into three parts:

A
  1. conscious
  2. preconscious
  3. unconscious
47
Q

Psychosexual stages of Development

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
48
Q

A person who desperately needs to feel loved because he/she didn’t get enough love as a child, symbolically through oral stimulation

A

Oral incorporative stage

49
Q

A person who uses his/her mouth (words) to hurt others

A

Oral sadistic stage

50
Q

An adult who is rebellious toward authority, irresponsible, disorderly, and wasteful

A

Anal expulsive fixation

51
Q

An adult who is meticulous, orderly, rigid, and frugal

A

Anal retentive fixation

52
Q

Male child’s love for his mother takes on sexual overtones

A

Oedipus Complex

53
Q

The fear of a male child that his father would like to do away with him

A

Castration Anxiety

54
Q

A girl’s desire to have a penis and the social benefits that accompany it

A

Penis Envy

55
Q

Any object or activity that is a symbolic substitute for what is really desired. The substitution occurs unconsciously.

A

Displacement

56
Q

When the displacement is approved of and valued by the culture. This substitution occurs consciously.

A

Sublimation

57
Q

Blocking urges or thought from getting into consciousness

A

Repression

58
Q

Ignoring, or not recognizing, what is unpleasant

A

Denial

59
Q

Placing an unacceptable thought, feeling, or desire onto someone else

A

Projection

60
Q

Expressing the opposite of what you feel

A

Reaction formation

61
Q

Finding a excuse or reason to justify your actions

A

Rationalization

62
Q

Relies on the immediate experience of the person to understand him/her

A

Phenomenological approach

63
Q

Accepting a person for who he/she is

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

64
Q

The conditions others place on a person for acceptance and approval

A

Conditional Positive Regard

65
Q

Certain behaviors are likely to follow when an individual’s behavior is triggered by cues in the environment

A

Stimulus Control

66
Q

People who generally think they are able to determine their outcome

A

Internals

67
Q

People who don’t see any connection between their actions and what happens

A

Externals

68
Q

Believing you can do what is required to achieve a successful outcome

A

Self-efficacy

69
Q

Ambiguous stimuli that require interpretation and this reveal elements of the unconscious

A

Projective Tests

70
Q

A real-world picture in which unconscious motivation is revealed in the person’s story about the picture

A

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

71
Q

The content of the item is taken at face value and means what it says

A

Face or content validity

72
Q

Responding in a way that makes a person appear better than he/she really is

A

Social Desirability Response Bias

73
Q

Test that use items consistently answered differently by two groups so as to distinguish between them

A

Empirically Keyed Tests

From Flashcardlet (144 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions