1.1 Scientific Approach

Question 0

The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is ____ – the idea that knowledge is based on observations.

Answer 0

empiricism

Question 1

Scientific ____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.

Answer 1

scepticism

Question 2

____ are collected that form the basis of conclusions about the nature of the world.

Answer 2

Data

Question 3

Data play a central role. For scientists, knowledge is primarily based on ____.

Answer 3

observations

Question 4

Scientists enthusiastically search for observations that will verify the ideas about the ____.

Answer 4

world

Question 5

Scientists develop ____, argue that existing data supports their ____, and conduct research that can increase our confidence that their ____ are correct.

Answer 5

theories

Question 6

Scientists are not alone. Scientists make observations that are accurately ____ to other scientists and the public.

Answer 6

reported

Question 7

Science is ____. Science is a way of thinking in which ideas to battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to the truth.

Answer 7

adversarial

Question 8

Good scientific ideas are testable. They can be supported or they can be falsified by data – the later concept called ____.

Answer 8

falsifiability

Question 9

Scientific evidence is ___ reviewed. Other scientists who have an expertise review work before it is published.

Answer 9

peer

Question 10

____ is “fake” science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.

Answer 10

Pseudoscience

Question 11

Pseudoscience 1: Hypotheses generated are typically not ____.

Answer 11

testable

Question 12

Pseudoscience 2: if scientific tests are reported, ____ is not scientific and ____ of data is questionable.

Answer 12

methodology, validity

Question 13

Pseudoscience 3: ____ evidence tends to be anecdotal or to rely heavily on authorities that are so-called experts in the area of interest. Genuine scientific references are not cited.

Answer 13

supportive

Question 14

Pseudoscience 4: claims ignore ____ evidence.

Answer 14

conflicting

Question 15

Pseudoscience 5: claims are stated in scientific sounding ____ and ideas.

Answer 15

terminology

Question 16

Pseudoscience 6: claims tend to be ____, rationalise strongly held beliefs, and appeal to preconceived ideas.

Answer 16

vague

Question 17

Pseudoscience 7: Claims are never ____.

Answer 17

revised