Flashcards in 1.1 Scientific Approach Deck (18):
0
Scientific ____ means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.
scepticism
1
The fundamental characteristic of the scientific method is ____ – the idea that knowledge is based on observations.
empiricism
2
____ are collected that form the basis of conclusions about the nature of the world.
Data
3
Data play a central role. For scientists, knowledge is primarily based on ____.
observations
4
Scientists enthusiastically search for observations that will verify the ideas about the ____.
world
5
Scientists develop ____, argue that existing data supports their ____, and conduct research that can increase our confidence that their ____ are correct.
theories
6
Scientists are not alone. Scientists make observations that are accurately ____ to other scientists and the public.
reported
7
Science is ____. Science is a way of thinking in which ideas to battle with other ideas in order to move ever closer to the truth.
adversarial
8
Good scientific ideas are testable. They can be supported or they can be falsified by data – the later concept called ____.
falsifiability
9
Scientific evidence is ___ reviewed. Other scientists who have an expertise review work before it is published.
peer
10
____ is "fake" science in which seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research.
Pseudoscience
11
Pseudoscience 1: Hypotheses generated are typically not ____.
testable
12
Pseudoscience 2: if scientific tests are reported, ____ is not scientific and ____ of data is questionable.
methodology, validity
13
Pseudoscience 3: ____ evidence tends to be anecdotal or to rely heavily on authorities that are so-called experts in the area of interest. Genuine scientific references are not cited.
supportive
14
Pseudoscience 4: claims ignore ____ evidence.
conflicting
15
Pseudoscience 5: claims are stated in scientific sounding ____ and ideas.
terminology
16
Pseudoscience 6: claims tend to be ____, rationalise strongly held beliefs, and appeal to preconceived ideas.
vague
17